当代博物馆公共价值的再思考——从“管理思维”到“服务思维”的范式转型

Rethinking the Public Value of Contemporary Museums—The Paradigm Transformation from “Management Thinking” to “Service Thinking”

摘要: 随着公众精神文化需求的持续升温，博物馆的社会角色正经历从“以物为中心”向“以人为中心”的深刻转变。在这一背景下，博物馆运营的核心命题从“如何管好文物”转向“如何服务公众”，这不仅是工作重心的调整，更是一场深刻的范式转型。本文立足于“管理思维”与“服务思维”的范式比较，系统分析两种思维模式在价值取向、运营逻辑和行为特征上的根本差异，揭示当前博物馆服务面临现实挑战背后的深层思维根源。研究认为，实现从管理思维到服务思维的范式转型，需要博物馆在理念层面完成从“控制导向”到“需求导向”的跃迁，在实践层面构建多层次、精细化、智慧化的服务体系。本文结合国内外博物馆的最新实践案例，探讨如何通过思维转型实现博物馆公共价值的深度释放。

Abstract: As public demand for spiritual and cultural enrichment continues to grow, museums are undergoing a profound transformation in their social role, shifting from “object-centered” to “people-centered” approaches. Against this backdrop, the core mission of museum operations has evolved from “how to manage cultural relics” to “how to serve the public”—a shift that represents not just a reorientation of priorities but a fundamental paradigm shift. This paper examines the paradigm comparison between “management-oriented thinking” and “service-oriented thinking,” systematically analyzing the fundamental differences in value orientation, operational logic, and behavioral characteristics between the two models. It reveals the deep-seated cognitive roots behind the practical challenges currently faced by museum services. The study argues that achieving this paradigm shift requires museums to transition from “control-oriented” to “demand-oriented” philosophies at the conceptual level, while establishing multi-tiered, refined, and intelligent service systems at the operational level. By integrating recent domestic and international case studies, this paper explores how such cognitive transformation can enable museums to fully realize their public value.