沉井下沉诱发地层沉降规律试验研究
Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Strata Subsidence Induced by Caisson Sinking
摘要: 沉井施工引起的地层扰动是其设计与施工关注的核心问题之一。为探究沉井下沉对周围土体的影响规律，本文以河南省信阳市某圆形泵站沉井工程为依托，开展了物理模型实验。本文首次通过全场PIV观测，实现了对沉井下沉过程中周围地层位移的全场、非接触、高精度测量，清晰捕捉了土体变形的连续演化过程，揭示了沉井下沉过程中沉降影响范围的非线性扩展规律，实现了对沉井下沉过程中周围地层位移的全场、非接触、高精度测量，清晰捕捉了土体变形的连续演化过程。结果表明：地层沉降随距沉井中心距离的增加而减小，最大沉降量为15.3 mm，显著影响范围为232 mm。该研究方法为揭示地下工程引起的隐蔽性土体变形问题提供了直观可行的技术途径，实验结果可为类似工程提供参考。
Abstract: Ground disturbance induced by open caisson construction is a central concern in both the design and execution of such projects. To investigate the influence of caisson sinking on the surrounding soil, this paper presents a physical model study based on a circular pump station caisson project in Xinyang, Henan Province. For the first time, full-field particle image velocimetry (PIV) observations were employed to achieve non-contact, high-precision, full-field measurement of ground displacement during the sinking process. This approach clearly captured the continuous evolution of soil deformation and revealed the nonlinear expansion pattern of the settlement influence zone as caisson sinking progressed. The results indicate that ground settlement decreases with increasing distance from the caisson center, with a maximum settlement of 15.3 mm and a significant influence range of 232 mm. The methodology developed in this study provides an intuitive and feasible technical approach for revealing concealed soil deformation problems induced by underground construction, and the experimental results can serve as a reference for similar engineering projects.
文章引用：田锦辉, 张兴胜, 王嘉祥, 刘捷. 沉井下沉诱发地层沉降规律试验研究[J]. 土木工程, 2026, 15(5): 54-61. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2026.155115

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