昆明方言“怕”的语法化进程

The Usage and Grammatical Process of “Fear” in Kunming Dialect

摘要: “怕”在昆明方言中可做动词、副词、语气词。“怕”除了用做动词表“害怕”义外，还表示揣测、猜想的语气，相当于“恐怕、大概、大约、也许、可能”等词语的含义。本文分析“怕”在昆明方言中的用法，揭示了其由动词转化为副词、副词转化为语气词的语法化过程，并探究了诱发语法化的动因，论及“怕”的语法化过程与句法位置、词义虚化、句子语境有着密切的关系。

Abstract: “Fear” can be used as verbs, adverbs and modal words in Kunming dialect. In addition to being used as the meaning of “fear” in the verb table, it also means the tone of speculation and conjecture, which is equivalent to the meaning of words such as “afraid, probably, about, maybe, possible”. This article analyzes the use of “fear” in Kunming dialect, reveals the grammatical process of transforming from verbs to adverbs and adverbs into modal words, and explores the motivations that induce grammaticalization. It discusses that the grammatical process of “fear” is closely related to the syntactic position, word meaning virtualization and sentence context.