中医药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

摘要: 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童常见疾病之一，属于神经发育障碍性疾病的疾病范畴，主要表现为与年龄不相称的运动/发声抽动与注意缺陷、多动冲动等。目前西医一线药物虽有效，但存在不良反应及长期依从性问题。中医药基于“整体观念”和“辨证论治”，在改善核心症状、调节体质、减少西药副作用方面显示出独特优势。本文从中医理论探析、内治法、外治法等方面对近年研究进展进行系统梳理，以期为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition and falls under the category of neurodevelopmental disorders. Its primary manifestations include motor/vocal tics disproportionate to age, as well as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Although first-line Western medications are effective, they are associated with adverse reactions and issues with long-term adherence. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), grounded in the principles of “holistic perspective” and “pattern differentiation and treatment,” demonstrates unique advantages in improving core symptoms, regulating constitution, and mitigating the side effects of Western medications. This article systematically reviews recent research progress from the perspectives of TCM theory exploration, internal therapies, and external therapies, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.