肌内效贴治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效与作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Clinical Efficacy and Mechanisms of Kinesio Taping in Knee Osteoarthritis

摘要: 膝骨关节炎(Knee Osteoarthritis, KOA)是中老年人群常见的慢性退行性关节疾病，主要表现为疼痛、僵硬及功能受限，严重影响患者生活质量。肌内效贴(Kinesio Taping, KT)作为一种非侵入性弹性贴扎技术，近年来在KOA保守治疗中的应用逐渐增多。现有研究提示，KT可能通过疼痛调制、增强本体感觉输入、改善神经肌肉控制、优化局部生物力学状态及影响局部微环境等途径发挥作用，从而在一定程度上缓解疼痛、改善关节功能并提升活动能力。多项随机对照试验及系统评价显示，KT在短期缓解疼痛、改善主观功能评分及部分活动能力指标方面具有一定优势；但其长期疗效、对等长肌力及客观运动学指标的改善作用仍存在争议，且相对于假贴扎的独立真实效应尚未完全明确。此外，贴扎部位、方向、牵拉张力、持续时间及联合干预方式等技术参数目前尚缺乏统一标准，影响了研究结果的可比性及临床推广。本文围绕KT治疗KOA的理论基础、可能作用机制、临床疗效证据、应用方式、当前争议及未来研究方向进行综述，以期为其在KOA综合管理中的规范化应用及后续研究提供参考。

Abstract: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disorder in middle-aged and older adults, mainly characterized by pain, stiffness, and functional limitation, which markedly impairs quality of life. Kinesio Taping (KT), a non-invasive elastic taping technique, has been increasingly applied in the conservative management of KOA in recent years. Current evidence suggests that KT may exert its effects through multiple mechanisms, including pain modulation, enhancement of proprioceptive input, improvement of neuromuscular control, optimization of local biomechanical status, and possible regulation of the local tissue microenvironment, thereby contributing to pain relief, functional improvement, and better activity performance. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have shown that KT may provide certain short-term benefits in reducing pain, improving subjective functional scores, and enhancing some activity-related outcomes. However, its long-term efficacy, its effects on isometric muscle strength and objective kinematic outcomes, as well as its true specific effect compared with sham taping, remain controversial. In addition, the lack of standardized technical parameters, such as taping site, direction, tension, duration, and combined intervention protocols, limits the comparability of studies and their wider clinical application. This article reviews the theoretical basis, potential mechanisms, clinical efficacy, application strategies, current controversies, and future research directions of KT in the treatment of KOA, with the aim of providing references for its standardized use and further research in the comprehensive management of KOA.