深度学习理念下高中生函数学习困难成因分析及教学对策研究

Research on the Causes of High School Students’ Function Learning Difficulties and Teaching Strategies under the Concept of Deep Learning

摘要: 函数是高中数学的核心与难点，学生常陷入浅层学习困境。本文基于深度学习理论，从认知结构、教学过程、评价方式等多维度分析高中生函数学习困难的根本成因，主要包括符号理解与表征转换障碍、概念网络构建薄弱、高阶思维与应用迁移不足，以及教学中情境缺失、探究浅表、评价单一等问题。针对性地提出以“理解–迁移–创新”为导向的教学对策体系，通过创设“具身–阶梯”情境、设计“辨析–联结”活动、运用“变式–建模”任务、实施“过程–多元”评价，促进学生深度理解、有效迁移与持续发展，为高中数学函数教学实现深度学习转向提供实践参考。

Abstract: Functions are the core and difficulty of high school mathematics, and students often fall into the predicament of shallow learning. Based on the theory of deep learning, this paper analyzes the fundamental causes of high school students’ difficulties in learning functions from multiple dimensions such as cognitive structure, teaching process, and evaluation methods. The main problems include obstacles in symbol understanding and representation transformation, weak construction of the concept network, insufficient high-order thinking and application transfer, as well as the lack of context in teaching, superficial exploration, and single evaluation. Targeted teaching countermeasures are proposed, oriented towards “understanding - transfer - innovation”, through creating “embodied - stepwise” contexts, designing “discrimination - connection” activities, applying “variant - modeling” tasks, and implementing “process - multi-dimensional” evaluations, to promote students' deep understanding, effective transfer, and continuous development, providing practical references for the transformation of deep learning in high school mathematics function teaching.