面向“自主发展”：小学生涯启蒙教育的培育路径

Facing “Independent Development”: The Cultivation Path of Primary School Career Enlightenment Education

摘要: 核心素养培育与教育改革深度推进的时代背景下，自主发展作为学生核心素养的关键维度，其培育需贯穿教育的全过程。小学阶段作为生涯发展的启蒙关键期，对学生自我认知深化、职业观念塑造及终身发展能力的培养具有奠基性作用。然而，当前小学生涯启蒙教育仍面临教育理念偏差、课程体系不完善、师资力量薄弱及家庭与社会支持不足等问题。为应对这些挑战，提出了从宏观政策引领、中观学校体系构建到微观教学实践的多维培育路径。

Abstract: Under the background of the cultivation of core literacy and the deepening of education reform, independent development is the key dimension of students’ core literacy, and its cultivation needs to run through the whole process of education. As a critical period of enlightenment for career development, the primary school stage plays a fundamental role in deepening students’ self-awareness, shaping their professional concepts and cultivating their lifelong development ability. However, the current primary school career enlightenment education still faces problems such as deviations in educational concepts, imperfect curriculum systems, weak teachers, and insufficient family and social support. In order to cope with these challenges, a multi-dimensional cultivation path from macro policy guidance, meso school system construction to micro teaching practice is proposed.