激光诱导石墨烯直接电化学检测生命小分子研究进展
Research Progress on Direct Electrochemical Detection of Small Biomolecules Using Laser-Induced Graphene
摘要: 激光诱导石墨烯(LIG)是通过激光照射碳前驱体材料表面快速形成的具有独特的三维多孔结构、良好的导电性、高比表面积以及良好机械柔韧性的一种新型的柔性电极材料。相较于传统电极，LIG在结构与性能上具有独特优势，在无酶、高灵敏检测中展现出不可替代的优势，为生命小分子的电化学检测搭建了全新的平台。本文重点总结归纳了LIG电极的主流制备方式和LIG电极直接电化学检测过氧化氢、葡萄糖、多巴胺等生命小分子的研究进展，分析直接检测机制与性能优化策略，并对当前挑战及未来发展方向进行展望。旨在进一步推动LIG电化学传感器向微型化、高通量、便携式方向发展，为生命小分子的快速精准检测提供全新技术路径与产业化应用支撑。
Abstract: Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a novel flexible electrode material rapidly prepared via laser irradiation on carbon precursors, characterized by a unique three-dimensional porous structure, outstanding electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and favorable mechanical flexibility. Owing to its distinct structural and performance advantages over conventional electrodes, LIG shows irreplaceable merits in enzyme-free and highly sensitive detection, establishing a new platform for the electrochemical sensing of small biomolecules This review focuses on summarizing the preparation of LIG electrodes and research progress in the direct electrochemical detection of vital small molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and dopamine. The direct detection mechanisms and performance optimization strategies are analyzed, and current challenges together with future development directions are discussed. The aims to advance LIG electrochemical sensors toward miniaturization, high throughput and portability, offering a new technical route for rapid, accurate detection of small biomolecules.
文章引用：何嘉濠, 苏彦鸣, 顾婷婷, 葛文宾, 周杨, 周根宇, 于思佳. 激光诱导石墨烯直接电化学检测生命小分子研究进展[J]. 分析化学进展, 2026, 16(2): 118-129. https://doi.org/10.12677/aac.2026.162014

参考文献

[1] Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhi, C., Wang, X., Tang, D., Xu, Y., et al. (2013) Three-dimensional Strutted Graphene Grown by Substrate-Free Sugar Blowing for High-Power-Density Supercapacitors. Nature Communications, 4, Article No. 2905. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Trusovas, R., Račiukaitis, G., Niaura, G., Barkauskas, J., Valušis, G. and Pauliukaite, R. (2015) Recent Advances in Laser Utilization in the Chemical Modification of Graphene Oxide and Its Applications. Advanced Optical Materials, 4, 37-65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Cambaz, Z.G., Yushin, G., Osswald, S., Mochalin, V. and Gogotsi, Y. (2008) Noncatalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and Graphite on Sic. Carbon, 46, 841-849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Lin, J., Peng, Z., Liu, Y., Ruiz-Zepeda, F., Ye, R., Samuel, E.L.G., et al. (2014) Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Films from Commercial Polymers. Nature Communications, 5, Article No. 5714. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Wang, F., Wang, K., Zheng, B., Dong, X., Mei, X., Lv, J., et al. (2018) Laser-Induced Graphene: Preparation, Functionalization and Applications. Materials Technology, 33, 340-356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Sakdaphetsiri, K., Thaweeskulchai, T., Sukmas, W., Wang, J., Schulte, A. and Rodthongkum, N. (2025) Laser-Induced Graphene Electrode Modified by Platinum Nanoparticle/Zein/Gelatin/glucose Oxidase for Non-Invasive Glucose Sensor in Multiple Biofluids. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1353, Article ID: 343974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Shen, H., Liu, J., Pan, P., Yang, X., Yang, Z., Li, P., et al. (2023) One-Step Synthesis of Nanosilver Embedding Laser-Induced Graphene for H2O2 Sensor. Synthetic Metals, 293, Article ID: 117235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] 刘辉龙. 石墨烯柔性电极微纳结构激光制造及微超级电容应用研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2020.
[9] Dai, B., Pan, Z., Zhuang, R., Yin, H., Zhang, H., Qie, W., et al. (2025) Laser-Induced Graphene/Cu₂O Flexible Electrode for High-Performance Glucose Sensing. Chemical Physics Letters, 878, Article ID: 142383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Wu, J., Yang, Y., Chang, S., Wei, Y., Wang, Y., Qiu, F., et al. (2026) Pyrrole-Based Materials for Electrochemical Sensors and Fluorescent Probes in Food Safety Detection. Analytical Chemistry, 98, 6413-6440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] 孙国瀚. 基于纳米复合材料电化学传感器的构建及其在中药有害物质分析中的应用研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 广州: 广东药科大学, 2019.
[12] 黄晴雯. 真菌毒素的分析方法及风险评估研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021.
[13] 于开宁, 王润忠, 刘丹丹. 水环境中新污染物快速检测技术研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2023, 42(6): 1063-1077.
[14] Dinesh, G., Hemakumar, V.S., Muthevi, A.K., Kapila, D., Kumar, N.V.P.S. and Kumar, K.V. (2025) Dual-Channel CNN-Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing Using Graphene Platforms for Ultra-Trace Organic Pollutant Detection. Microchemical Journal, 218, Article ID: 115330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Zakiyyah, S.N., Irkham, Wulandari, D.A., Zein, M.I.H.L., Gaffar, S., Ozsoz, M., et al. (2026) CRISPR-Cas13a-Powered Electrochemical Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA Using a Ceria-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. ACS Sensors, 11, 923-938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Barjinikhabbaz, M., Nankali, M., Ali, M., Peng, P., Pope, M. and Kamkar, M. (2026) CO2, Fiber, and UV Direct Laser Writing of Graphene for Flexible EMI Shielding Applications: A Comparative Study. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 143, e70292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Ohara, K., Ando, R., Shimada, K., Kishimoto, T., Nakashima, R. and Takahashi, H. (2025) Laser‐Induced Graphene Cantilever Airflow Sensor Fabricated via Laser Cutting and Folding a Copper-Polyimide Film. Advanced Sensor Research, 4, e00091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Cui, X., Gu, T., Ma, K., Zeng, J. and Xia, H. (2025) Laser-Induced Graphene Electrochemical Sensors: An Emerging Platform for Agri-Food and Environmental Detection. Chemosensors, 13, Article 432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Abdulhafez, M., Tomaraei, G.N. and Bedewy, M. (2026) Kinetic Effects and Ablation Thresholds in Laser-Induced Graphene. Carbon, 246, Article ID: 120941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Vashisth, A., Kowalik, M., Gerringer, J.C., Ashraf, C., van Duin, A.C.T. and Green, M.J. (2020) Reaxff Simulations of Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Formation for Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 3, 1881-1890. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] 汤勇, 刘辉龙, 陆龙生, 等. 激光加工平面型微超级电容器的研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(4): 189-206.
[22] Johnson, Z.T., Jared, N., Peterson, J.K., Li, J., Smith, E.A., Walper, S.A., et al. (2022) Enzymatic Laser‐Induced Graphene Biosensor for Electrochemical Sensing of the Herbicide Glyphosate. Global Challenges, 6, Article ID: 2200057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Zhang, C., Ping, J. and Ying, Y. (2020) Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol Level in Grape Wine Using Laser-Induced Porous Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Science of the Total Environment, 714, Article ID: 136687. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Barber, R., Davis, J. and Papakonstantinou, P. (2023) Stable Chitosan and Prussian Blue-Coated Laser-Induced Graphene Skin Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Sweat. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 6, 10290-10302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] Saisahas, K., Soleh, A., Somsiri, S., Senglan, P., Promsuwan, K., Saichanapan, J., et al. (2021) Electrochemical Sensor for Methamphetamine Detection Using Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Electrode. Nanomaterials, 12, Article 73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Marques, A.C., Cardoso, A.R., Martins, R., Sales, M.G.F. and Fortunato, E. (2020) Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Platforms for Dual Biorecognition of Molecules. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 3, 2795-2803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] Marengo, M., Marinaro, G. and Kosel, J. (2017) Flexible Temperature and Flow Sensor from Laser-Induced Graphene. 2017 IEEE SENSORS, Glasgow, 29 October-1 November 2017, 1-3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Lei, Y., Alshareef, A.H., Zhao, W. and Inal, S. (2019) Laser-Scribed Graphene Electrodes Derived from Lignin for Biochemical Sensing. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 3, 1166-1174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[29] Bauer, M., Wunderlich, L., Weinzierl, F., Lei, Y., Duerkop, A., Alshareef, H.N., et al. (2020) Electrochemical Multi-Analyte Point-Of-Care Perspiration Sensors Using On-Chip Three-Dimensional Graphene Electrodes. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 413, 763-777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Xia, H., Cui, X., Liu, S., Qiu, D., Gu, T., Zhou, J., et al. (2025) In-Situ-Formed Porous Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Enzymatic Electrochemical Biochips for Direct and Sensitive Determination of H2O2 in Plant Fluids. Microchemical Journal, 219, Article ID: 116097. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[31] 程川川, 马保凯, 程永发, 等. 辣根过氧化物酶-金属有机骨架纳米纤维复合物生物传感器的制备及其用于食品中过氧化氢残留检测的研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2019, 40(24): 199-204, 212.
[32] 丁凯欣. 肝脏ALKBH5整合调控葡萄糖和脂质稳态的作用机制研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2025.
[33] Zhu, J., Liu, S., Hu, Z., Zhang, X., Yi, N., Tang, K., et al. (2021) Laser-Induced Graphene Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors for On-Body Measurements. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 193, Article ID: 113606. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Santos, N.F., Pereira, S.O., Moreira, A., Girão, A.V., Carvalho, A.F., Fernandes, A.J.S., et al. (2021) IR and UV Laser‐induced Graphene: Application as Dopamine Electrochemical Sensors. Advanced Materials Technologies, 6, Article ID: 2100007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[35] Yuan, X., Wu, X., Li, S., Liu, R. and Ling, Y. (2024) A Portable Microelectrochemical Sensor Based on Potentiostatic Polarization-Treated and Laser-Induced Graphene for the Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid. Langmuir, 40, 25529-25538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Anshori, I., Adzkia, A.R., Uperianti, Harimurti, S., Handayani, N., Suendo, V., et al. (2025) Uric Acid Electrochemical Biosensor Based on a Laser-Induced Graphene Electrode Modified with a Honey-Mediated Nanocomposite of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Bimetallic Silver-Cobalt. RSC Advances, 15, 39431-39442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[37] Pushparaj, K., Catini, A., Capuano, R., Allegra, V., Magna, G., Antonelli, G., et al. (2024) Nonenzymatic Potentiometric Detection of Ascorbic Acid with Porphyrin/ZnO-Functionalized Laser-Induced Graphene as an Electrode of EGFET Sensors. ACS Omega, 9, 10650-10659. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Baachaoui, S., Mabrouk, W., Charradi, K., Slimi, B., Ramadan, A.M., Elsamra, R.M.I., et al. (2023) Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Electrodes from Polyketimine Membranes for Paracetamol Sensing. Royal Society Open Science, 10, Article ID: 230294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] 陈识. 基于激光诱导石墨烯的多参数汗液传感器研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2024.
[40] Ma, N., Liu, Q., Cai, N., Zhu, F., Gan, N. and Yu, Z. (2026) In-situ Laser-Induced Metal (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)-Doped Graphene Electrode for Sensitive Uric Acid Sensing in Sweat. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1390, Article ID: 345130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[41] Yoon, H., Nah, J., Kim, H., Ko, S., Sharifuzzaman, M., Barman, S.C., et al. (2020) A Chemically Modified Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Based Flexible and Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for Sweat Glucose Detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 311, Article ID: 127866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[42] Ouedraogo, B., Baachaoui, S., Tall, A., Tapsoba, I. and Raouafi, N. (2023) Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes on Polyimide Membranes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles for the Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid in Human Serum. Microchimica Acta, 190, Article No. 316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., Sun, P., Sun, C., Huang, H., Guan, S., et al. (2019) Laser‐Induced Graphene‐Based Non‐Enzymatic Sensor for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. Electroanalysis, 31, 1334-1341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[44] Zhao, G., Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Sui, Y., Liu, P., Zhang, Z., et al. (2021) High-Performance Hydrogen Peroxide Micro-Sensors Based on Laser-Induced Fabrication of Graphene@Ag Electrodes. Applied Surface Science, 565, Article ID: 150565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[45] Germinare, B.F., Fernandes-Junior, W.S., Camargo, J.R. and Janegitz, B.C. (2025) Cork-Based Electrochemical Sensors Obtained by Laser-Induced Graphene: A Green Alternative for Sodium Nitrite Detection in Beverage Samples. Microchimica Acta, 192, Article No. 611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Ghavipanjeh, A., Sadeghzadeh, S., Naghib, S.M. and Dashtian, K. (2025) Flexible Laser-Induced Graphene Microelectrochemical Sensor on Sustainable Cellulosic Paper Substrate for Sensitive Detection of Uric Acid and Tyrosine in Sweat. Langmuir, 42, 7027-7038. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[47] Hamidi, H., Levieux, J., Larrigy, C., Russo, A., Vaughan, E., Murray, R., et al. (2023) Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) Biosensors Derived from Chitosan: Towards Sustainable and Green Electronics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X, 15, Article ID: 100403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[48] Lahcen, A.A., Sher, M., Ameer, S. and Slaughter, G. (2025) Laser‐Induced Graphene Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of Acetaminophen. ChemistrySelect, 10, e02914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 

为你推荐