氮掺杂碳的制备及其在电容去离子性能的研究

Study on Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon and Its Performance in Capacitive Deionization

摘要: 以三聚氰胺–甲醛树脂微球为前驱体，通过高温热解制备了氮掺杂多孔碳(NC)电极材料，并系统研究了其微观结构、电化学性能及CDI脱盐性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射等手段对NC的形貌和结构进行了表征。将NC制备的电极在1 M NaCl溶液中进行电化学测试，在1 mV∙s⁻¹时，其比电容达到113.8 F∙g⁻¹；在1 A∙g⁻¹电流密度下比电容达154.9 F∙g⁻¹，具有良好的倍率性能。在500 mg∙L⁻¹ NaCl溶液中、1.0 V工作电压下，NC电极的盐吸附容量达到21.48 mg∙g⁻¹，并展现出优异的循环稳定性(37次循环后的容量保持率为84.2%)。本研究为开发低成本、高性能的碳基CDI电极材料提供了新思路。

Abstract: Nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC) electrode materials were prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis using melamine-formaldehyde resin microspheres as precursors. The microstructure, electrochemical properties, and capacitive deionization (CDI) desalination performance of NC were systematically investigated. The morphology and structure of NC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical tests were conducted on the NC electrodes in 1 M NaCl solution. A specific capacitance of 113.8 F∙g⁻¹ was achieved at a scan rate of 1 mV∙s⁻¹, and a specific capacitance of 154.9 F∙g⁻¹ was obtained at a current density of 1 A∙g⁻¹, indicating good rate capability. When tested in 500 mg∙L⁻¹ NaCl solution at an operating voltage of 1.0 V, the NC electrode exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of 21.48 mg∙g⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability, with a capacity retention of 84.2% after 37 cycles. This study provides a new approach for developing low-cost, high-performance carbon-based electrode materials for CDI.