甘肃陇南市双孢菇菌种品比试验分析

Analysis of Variety Comparative Trial of Agaricus bisporus Strains in Longnan City, Gansu Province

摘要: 为筛选适宜甘肃省陇南市栽培的优质高产双孢菇品种，本试验以W192、福蘑38、福蘑78和20#共4个双孢菇菌种作为供试材料，在陇南市农业技术推广总站示范基地开展品比试验。试验采用随机区组设计，设置3次重复，每个重复小区面积为10.5 m²，各品种栽培管理条件保持一致。试验期间，系统观测记录各菌种的菌丝萌发时间、整齐度、生长速度等生长特性，测量子实体的菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、菌柄长度等农艺性状指标，并分别统计第一潮菇、第二潮菇、第三潮菇的产量，对各菌种的综合表现进行对比分析。试验结果表明，W192菌种发菌速度最快，菌丝生长旺盛、洁白，出菇时间较其他品种提早1~5 d；子实体呈圆整半球形，菇体紧实，商品性状优良；第一潮菇平均产量和前三潮总产量均高于其他供试菌种。综合各项指标，W192菌种表现出出菇快、菇形优、菇体紧实、产量高的优势，综合农艺性状最佳。因此，W192适宜陇南市栽培推广的双孢菇优良菌种。

Abstract: To screen high-quality and high-yield Agaricus bisporus varieties adapted for commercial cultivation in Longnan City, Gansu Province, four A. bisporus strains (W192, Fumo 38, Fumo 78, and 20#) were selected as experimental materials. A variety comparative trial was carried out at the demonstration base of Longnan Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension Station, adopting a randomized complete block design with three biological replicates, and the area of each experimental plot was 10.5 m². All tested strains were cultivated under identical growing conditions. Throughout the experimental period, growth characteristics including mycelial germination time, growth uniformity and mycelial growth rate were systematically observed and documented. Agronomic traits of fruiting bodies, specifically pileus diameter, pileus thickness and stipe length were quantitatively measured. Yields of the first, second, and third fruiting flushes were recorded separately, followed by a comparative analysis of the comprehensive performance of each tested strain. The results indicated that strain W192 exhibited the fastest mycelial growth, with vigorous, pure white and its fruiting initiation occurred 1 - 5 days earlier than the other tested strains. Its fruiting bodies presented a regular, rounded hemispherical shape with compact tissue, demonstrating outstanding commercial characteristics. The average yield of the first flush and the total cumulative yield of the first three flushes of W192 were both higher than those of the other experimental strains. Based on comprehensive evaluation, strain W192 shows clear advantages in early fruiting, desirable morphology, compact fruiting body structure and high yield, with the optimal overall agronomic performance among the tested materials. Accordingly, strain W192 is identified as an excellent Agaricus bisporus genotype suitable for cultivation and extension in Longnan City.