巴塘县农村社会企业孵化困境与优化路径研究——以嘻啵农场为例

A Study on the Incubation Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Rural Social Enterprises in Batang County—A Case Study of Xibo Farm

摘要: 乡村振兴战略实施中，农村社会企业是激活乡村内生动力、完善基层治理的重要载体。文章以四川省甘孜州巴塘县为研究范围，以当地典型农村社会企业“嘻啵农场”为案例，基于资源依赖理论与内生发展理论，通过参与观察、深度访谈等方法，系统梳理其2022年成立以来的完整孵化历程，分析巴塘县农村社会企业孵化的现实困境与深层成因。研究发现，巴塘县农村社会企业孵化呈现出鲜明的阶段性特征，普遍面临资源供需错位、多头管理协调难、村民参与度低、过度依赖公共部门资源、现代制度与乡土习惯冲突等核心困境，根源在于外部行政逻辑与本地乡土逻辑的脱节。结合嘻啵农场的转型实践，从资源投放、跨部门协同、村民内生动力激活、自我造血能力培育、制度乡土融合五个维度提出优化路径，为巴塘县农村社会企业高质量发展提供实践参考，也为同类西部民族县域提供经验借鉴。

Abstract: In the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, rural social enterprises have become important vehicles for stimulating endogenous rural development and improving grassroots governance. Taking Batang County in Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, as the research area and the local representative rural social enterprise, Xibo Farm, as the case, this study draws on Resource Dependence Theory and Endogenous Development Theory. Using participant observation, in-depth interviews, and other qualitative methods, it systematically reviews the complete incubation process of Xibo Farm since its establishment in 2022 and analyzes the practical dilemmas and underlying causes of rural social enterprise incubation in Batang County. The findings show that the incubation of rural social enterprises in Batang County demonstrates clear stage-based characteristics and generally faces five major dilemmas: the mismatch between resource supply and operational needs, difficulties in coordination under fragmented multi-departmental management, low levels of villager participation, excessive dependence on government resources, and conflicts between modern institutional arrangements and local rural customs. At the root of these dilemmas lies the disconnection between external administrative logic and local indigenous logic. Drawing on the transformation practices of Xibo Farm, this paper proposes optimization paths from five dimensions: resource allocation, cross-departmental coordination, activation of villagers’ subjectivity, cultivation of self-sustaining capacity, and the integration of formal institutions with local rural society. The study aims to provide practical references for the high-quality development of rural social enterprises in Batang County and offer useful insights for similar ethnic minority counties in western China.