从“强／弱”多维对比看其不对称现象

On the Asymmetry of Strong/Weak from a Multidimensional Contrastive Perspective

摘要: 单音节反义形容词“强/弱”是不对称现象的典型案例，二者作为反义词在义项中对立互补，呈现静态的对称性，但在一些词语、句子、语境中动态中具有非对称性，具体体现在词法、句法、语义语境三维度。根据标记理论，“强”具有显著性特征，使用频率高于“弱”为无标记项，则“弱”为有标记项。二者在多方面存在构成了不对称性，造成这一现象的原因有认知、心理等。

Abstract: The monosyllabic antonymous adjectives strong/weak represent a typical case of asymmetry. As antonyms, they are opposed and complementary in meaning, showing static symmetry; however, they exhibit dynamic asymmetry in certain words, sentences and contexts, which is manifested in three dimensions: morphology, syntax, and semantic-pragmatic context. According to Markedness Theory, strong is the unmarked term with salient features and higher frequency of use, while weak is the marked term. Their asymmetry in various aspects arises from cognitive, psychological and other factors.