大理太和白语形容词语义指向分析

An Analysis of the Semantic Direction of Adjectives in Dali Taihe Bai Language

摘要: 本文以大理太和白语中的形容词为研究对象，系统地分析了其“语义指向”问题。文章从形容词在句子中充当的四种主要句法功能入手：定语、谓语、状语和补语。通过对每种功能下形容词语义关联对象的考察，作者试图归纳出形容词在不同句法结构中的语义指向规律。例如，在作定语时，形容词的语义可能指向其修饰的中心语，也可能跨成分指向主语；在作状语时，其语义可能指向动作本身，也可能指向施事者。文章旨在通过对这些现象的分类和描述，揭示白语形容词在句法–语义互动层面的内在逻辑。

Abstract: This paper takes adjectives in the Taihe Bai language of Dali as its research object and systematically analyzes their semantic orientation. Starting with the four main syntactic functions of adjectives in sentences—attributive, predicate, adverbial, and complement—the author examines the semantic referents of adjectives under each function in an attempt to summarize the patterns of semantic orientation of adjectives in different syntactic structures. For instance, when functioning as an attributive, an adjective may semantically orient toward its modified head noun or cross constituents to orient toward the subject; when used as an adverbial, it may semantically orient toward the action itself or toward the agent. By classifying and describing these phenomena, this paper aims to reveal the internal logic of Bai adjectives at the interface of syntax and semantics.