最近发展区理论在中学英语写作教学中的应用研究综述

A Review of the Application of Zone of Proximal Development Theory in the Teaching of English Writing in Middle Schools

摘要: 英语写作作为中学英语教学的核心输出技能，是衡量学生综合语言运用能力的关键指标。当前中学英语写作教学面临学生畏难情绪突出、教学方法固化、个性化指导不足等现实困境。最近发展区理论为解决上述难题提供了重要的理论支撑。本文采用文献研究法，系统梳理国内外相关研究成果，从理论内涵、教学应用路径、实证效果等维度，分析最近发展区理论在中学英语写作教学中的应用现状，重点探讨支架式教学、动态评估等核心应用模式的实践价值。研究发现，该领域研究的发展脉络清晰呈现为理论、实践、技术融合三个阶段，但仍存在支架设计针对性不足、动态评估规模化应用困难、数字化教学深度不够等问题。未来研究应聚焦个性化支架构建、AI赋能的动态评估体系、跨学科融合教学等方向，为中学英语写作教学改革提供更具实操性的理论参考与实践路径。

Abstract: English writing, as a core output skill in middle school English teaching, is a key indicator to measure students’ comprehensive language application ability. Current secondary school English writing teaching faces practical dilemmas such as students’ prominent learning anxiety, rigid teaching methods, and insufficient personalized guidance. The Zone of Proximal Development theory provides important theoretical support for solving the above problems. Using the literature research method, this essay systematically sorts out relevant research results at home and abroad, analyzes the application status of ZPD theory in secondary school English writing teaching from the dimensions of theoretical connotation, teaching application paths and empirical effects, and focuses on exploring the practical value of core application models such as scaffolding teaching and dynamic assessment. The development of this research is clearly manifested in three phases: theoretical exploration, practical application, and technology integration, but there are still problems such as insufficient pertinence of scaffolding design, difficulty in large-scale application of dynamic assessment, and insufficient depth of digital teaching. Future research should focus on personalized scaffolding construction, AI-enabled dynamic assessment systems, interdisciplinary integrated teaching and other directions, so as to provide more practical theoretical reference and practical paths for the reform of secondary school English writing teaching.