视听作品著作权合理使用的司法保护研究

Research on Judicial Protection of Fair Use of Copyright in Audiovisual Works

摘要: 随着短视频等视听作品产业的迅猛发展，著作权合理使用的界定愈发复杂且关键。当前司法实践虽已在使用目的、使用手段、使用效果等判断维度形成一定规则，但具体适用中仍存在裁判标准不统一、对视听作品合理使用行为的针对性考量不足等问题。故应以著作权许可协议为基础，明确合理使用的具体范围，从源头上厘清权利边界与使用限度。同时还应统一司法裁判尺度，细化合理使用的裁量标准，破解实践中的认定模糊问题，提升裁判的一致性与可预期性。此外，构建多元利益平衡机制亦同样重要，在充分保护著作权人合法权益的前提下，为二次创作、多元传播等合理使用行为留足空间。通过三重路径协同发力，从而构建完善的视听作品著作权合理使用司法保护体系，为视听产业健康发展提供坚实的司法保障。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the audio-visual works industry, including short videos, the definition of fair use of copyright has become increasingly complex and crucial. Certain rules have been established in judicial practice based on dimensions such as purpose, means, and effects of use. However, in specific applications, issues such as inconsistent judgment standards and insufficient targeted consideration of reasonable use of audiovisual works still exist. Therefore, we should base on copyright licensing agreements to clarify the specific scope of fair use. We should clarify the boundaries of rights and limits of use from the source. At the same time, we should unify the standards for judicial judgments and refine the discretionary standards for reasonable use. We need to address the ambiguity in identification in practice and enhance the consistency and predictability of judgments. Furthermore, it is equally important to establish a mechanism for balancing multiple interests. While fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners, sufficient room should be left for reasonable uses such as secondary creation and diversified dissemination. By synergizing efforts through three pathways, we aim to establish a comprehensive judicial protection system for the fair use of copyrights of audiovisual works. This will provide solid judicial support for the healthy development of the audiovisual industry.