南岸区老年人健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Health Literacy Levels and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Nan’an District

摘要: 目的：评估重庆市南岸区老年人健康素养水平及其影响因素。方法：2024年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样，在南岸区4个街道/镇调查600名 ≥ 60岁常住老年人，使用《中国老年人健康素养调查问卷》(卫健统116表)进行面对面访谈，采用χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果：健康生活方式与行为维度的达标率(11.17%)明显低于基本健康知识与理念维度(40.33%)和基本技能维度(49.00%)。对健康知识关注程度(不关注，OR = 0.108，95% CI：0.017~0.362)和是否能独立就医(能，OR = 1.725，95% CI：1.127~2.670)是重庆市南岸区老年人健康素养水平的独立影响因素是健康素养的独立影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论：建议重点提升老年人健康知识关注度与独立就医能力，以改善健康素养结构不均衡问题。

Abstract: Objective: To assess the level of health literacy and its influencing factors among older adults in Nan’an District, Chongqing. Methods: In 2024, a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 600 permanent residents aged ≥ 60 years from four streets/towns in Nan’an District. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using the Chinese Older Adults Health Literacy Questionnaire (National Health Statistics Form No. 116), and data were analyzed using the χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The attainment rate of the health lifestyle and behavior dimension (11.17%) was significantly lower than that of the basic health knowledge and concepts dimension (40.33%) and the basic health skills dimension (49.00%). Lower attention to health knowledge (OR = 0.108, 95% CI: 0.017 – 0.362) and the ability to seek medical care independently (OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.127 – 2.670) were identified as independent factors associated with health literacy among older adults in Nan'an District (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended to focus on improving older adults' attention to health knowledge and their ability to seek medical care independently in order to address the imbalance in the structure of health literacy.