PI3K/AKT信号通路在骨关节炎中的作用研究进展
Research Progress on the Role of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Osteoarthritis
DOI: 10.12677/tcm.2026.155250, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 袁景钊*：广西中医药大学研究生院，广西 南宁；袁长深#：广西中医药第一附属医院骨病创伤骨科，广西 南宁
关键词: 骨关节炎；PI3K/AKT信号通路；关节软骨；软骨下骨；滑膜；Osteoarthritis； PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway； Articular Cartilage； Subchondral Bone； Synovium
摘要: 骨关节炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)是一种以疼痛、软骨退变和关节炎症为特征的慢性、退行性关节疾病，其发病机制复杂，目前尚缺乏能逆转病程的治疗方法。信号通路在其发病机制中扮演核心角色，其中磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/AKT)信号通路因其广泛调控细胞存活、代谢及炎症等功能而备受关注。该通路通过精密调控软骨细胞的凋亡、自噬、炎症反应及基质代谢，深度参与OA病理进程。本综述系统阐述PI3K/AKT信号通路在OA不同靶组织中的作用机制：在软骨中，该通路通过抑制自噬、促进凋亡和分解代谢，加速软骨破坏；在滑膜中，它与炎症网络相互作用，加剧滑膜炎；在软骨下骨中，它异常驱动骨重塑与硬化。文章进一步讨论靶向该通路所面临的挑战(如亚型特异性与组织选择性)及未来转化研究方向，旨在阐明靶向该通路的挑战与机遇，为未来开发基于PI3K/AKT信号节点的OA精准治疗策略开辟新思路。
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, cartilage degeneration, and joint inflammation. Its pathogenesis is complex, and there is currently a lack of treatments capable of reversing its progression. Signaling pathways play a central role in its pathogenesis, among which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway has attracted significant attention due to its broad regulatory functions in cell survival, metabolism, and inflammation. This pathway is deeply involved in OA pathology by precisely regulating chondrocyte apoptosis, autophagy, inflammatory responses, and extracellular matrix metabolism. This review systematically elaborates on the mechanisms of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in different OA target tissues: in cartilage, it accelerates destruction by inhibiting autophagy, promoting apoptosis, and enhancing catabolism; in the synovium, it interacts with inflammatory networks to exacerbate synovitis; in subchondral bone, it aberrantly drives bone remodeling and sclerosis. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges in targeting this pathway—such as isoform specificity and tissue selectivity—and future translational research directions. It aims to clarify both the challenges and opportunities in targeting this pathway, thereby paving new avenues for developing precise OA treatment strategies based on the PI3K/AKT signaling node.
文章引用：袁景钊, 袁长深. PI3K/AKT信号通路在骨关节炎中的作用研究进展[J]. 中医学, 2026, 15(5): 45-51. https://doi.org/10.12677/tcm.2026.155250

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