基于金属锌卟啉的肌酐传感研究

Research on Creatinine Sensing Based on Metal Zinc Porphyrin

摘要: 肌酐是肌肉代谢的核心产物，在肾病诊疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着人口老龄化，肾脏功能的退化及其引发的疾病尤为突出，当前检测主要分为创伤性与非创伤性，前者以静脉采血结合贾菲法为代表，存在预处理复杂、灵敏度低、易受干扰等缺陷，严重影响检测的准确性；后者涵盖尿液分析、唾液检测、光学生物传感及可穿戴传感器等技术，面临样本稳定性差、检测灵敏度不足、复杂样品可能影响光学信号以及生物相容性和长期佩戴安全性待验证等瓶颈。因此，开发快速、灵敏度高、低成本的肌酐检测技术至关重要。本研究设计合成了一种具有大环共轭结构的平面型卟啉(PJ)，引入锌元素配位，制得平面型金属锌卟啉(PJ-Zn)。利用紫外光谱对PJ-Zn与肌酐的相互作用进行研究，结果表明，随着肌酐浓度逐渐升高，其最大紫外吸收峰发生红移，峰值强度呈现先降后升的变化趋势。结合饱和法分析，证实两者形成1:1化学计量比的络合物，结合常数为42.5 L/mol，表明分子间相互作用良好。该结果为研究肾脏功能评估与肾损伤早期筛查，特别是慢性肾病监测与肾脏疾病诊疗效果判断提供了新思路。

Abstract: Creatinine is a core product of muscle metabolism and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. With the aging population, the degradation of kidney function and the resulting diseases are particularly prominent. Currently, detection is mainly divided into traumatic and non-traumatic methods. The former is represented by venous blood collection combined with Jaffe method, which has serious defects such as complex preprocessing, low sensitivity, and susceptibility to interference, which seriously affect the accuracy of detection; the latter covers technologies such as urine analysis, saliva detection, optical biosensing, and wearable sensors, but faces bottlenecks such as poor sample stability, insufficient detection sensitivity, complex samples that may affect optical signals, and the need to verify biocompatibility and long-term wearing safety. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a fast, accurate, and low-cost creatinine detection technology. This study designed and synthesized a planar porphyrin (PJ) with a macrocyclic conjugated structure, and introduced zinc element coordination to prepare a planar metal zinc porphyrin (PJ-Zn). The interaction between PJ-Zn and creatinine was studied using ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results showed that as the concentration of creatinine gradually increased, its maximum ultraviolet absorption peak shifted to the red, and the peak intensity showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Combined with saturation analysis, it was confirmed that the two form a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio complex with a binding constant of 42.5 L/mol, indicating good intermolecular interactions. This result provides a powerful tool for studying kidney function assessment and early screening of kidney injury, especially for monitoring chronic kidney disease and assessing the effectiveness of kidney disease diagnosis and treatment.