银翘板蓝根散对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)抗DIV1的作用及免疫调节效果的评价

Evaluation of Protective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Yinqiao Banlangen San against Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1) in Litopenaeus vannamei

摘要: 为研究银翘板蓝根散对凡纳滨对虾抗十足目虹彩病病毒1 (DIV1)的作用及机制，本研究以健康凡纳滨对虾为实验对象，设置对照组、攻毒1组和攻毒2组，通过人工感染DIV1实验，检测各组对虾存活率、病毒载量及肝胰腺组织中SOD、POD、ACP和AKP四种免疫酶活性。结果显示，攻毒2组对虾存活率达30%，较攻毒1组提升20%；72 h时该攻毒2组对虾的鳃丝组织DIV1病毒载量低于攻毒1组(P < 0.05)，且肝胰腺中SOD、POD、ACP和AKP活性在48 h和72 h均显著高于攻毒1组，其中ACP活性持续上升，SOD、AKP、POD活性下降幅度更小。研究表明，银翘板蓝根散可通过抑制DIV1在对虾体内复制、提升免疫酶活性增强机体抗氧化和免疫防御能力，从而降低疫病死亡率。本研究评价了银翘板蓝根散抗DIV1的实际效果，为复方中草药在水产抗病毒领域的应用提供了实验支撑。

Abstract: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Yinqiao Banlangen San on the resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei to Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1), this study used healthy Litopenaeus vannamei as experimental subjects, setting up a control group, a challenge group 1, and a challenge group 2. Through artificial DIV1 infection experiments, the survival rates, viral loads, and the activities of four immune enzymes (SOD, POD, ACP, and AKP) in hepatopancreas tissues were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of the challenge group 2 reached 30%, an increase of 20% compared to challenge group 1. At 72 hours, the viral load of DIV1 in the gill filaments of challenge group 2 was lower than that of challenge group 1 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the activities of SOD, POD, ACP, and AKP in the hepatopancreas of challenge group 2 were significantly higher than those of challenge group 1 at both 48 and 72 hours, with ACP activity continuously increasing, while the declines in SOD, AKP, and POD activities were less pronounced. The study demonstrated that Yinqiao Banlangen San could reduce disease mortality by inhibiting DIV1 replication in shrimp and enhancing antioxidant and immune defense capabilities through elevated immune enzyme activity. This research evaluated the practical efficacy of Yinqiao Banlangen San against DIV1, providing experimental support for the application of compound herbal medicines in antiviral strategies in aquaculture.