乡村老龄化背景下浙江省农村传统民居适应性改善更新研究

Research on Adaptive Improvement and Renewal of Traditional Chinese Dwellings in Zhejiang Province under the Background of Rural Aging

摘要: 随着农村人口外流与人口结构老龄化加剧，传统民居的使用主体和维护模式发生显著变化，对建筑保护与居住适应性提出新的挑战。研究以浙江省22个传统村落为案例，通过实地调研、半结构访谈，分析老龄化背景下传统民居的居住适应性修缮现状。研究结果显示：(1) 老年群体已成为传统民居的主要使用者，代际传承能力下降，未来存在空置风险；(2) 传统民居在空间使用、基础设施及建筑安全方面存在一定不足，部分居民通过自发性修缮改善居住条件，但缺乏技术指导导致传统建筑风貌受损；(3) 传统民居居住适应性修缮呈现三种模式：原真保持型、适度更新型与功能替代型，其在传统风貌保留与居住舒适性之间存在明显差异。基于此，本文提出建立技术引导机制、完善资金支持体系及强化社区参与的对策，以更好实现传统民居的居住适应性修缮。研究为传统民居活态保护与乡村振兴提供了实证参考。

Abstract: With the acceleration of rural population outflow and an aging demographic structure, the primary users and maintenance models of traditional dwellings have undergone significant changes, posing new challenges to architectural conservation and residential adaptability. This study takes 22 traditional villages in Zhejiang Province as cases, employing field surveys and semi-structured interviews to analyze the current status of residential adaptability renewal in traditional dwellings under the context of population aging. The research findings indicate that: (1) The elderly population has become the primary users of traditional dwellings, with a decline in intergenerational transmission capacity, leading to potential vacancy risks in the future; (2) Traditional dwellings exhibit certain deficiencies in spatial utilization, infrastructure, and building safety. Although some residents have improved living conditions through spontaneous renovations, the lack of technical guidance has resulted in damage to the traditional architectural style; (3) The residential adaptability renewal of traditional dwellings presents three models: authenticity preservation type, moderate renewal type, and functional substitution type, which show significant differences in the preservation of traditional features and residential comfort. Based on these findings, this paper proposes establishing technical guidance mechanisms, improving financial support systems, and strengthening community participation to better achieve residential adaptability renewal in traditional dwellings. This study provides empirical references for the living preservation of traditional dwellings and rural revitalization.