智能老年照护中的技术信任与系统可靠性：电磁干扰治理的社会技术视角

Technical Trust and System Reliability in Intelligent Elderly Care: A Sociotechnical Perspective on Electromagnetic Interference Governance

摘要: 在全球与我国老龄化进程加速背景下，老年人口规模扩张与照护需求结构性变化，使照护体系在连续性、可及性与个体化支持方面承受更大压力。智能老年照护系统通过物联网与人工智能提升连续监测与远程协同能力，但居家与机构环境的设备密集部署易引发电磁兼容(EMC)问题与室内多径条件下链路波动，导致传感数据异常与告警可靠性下降，并可能通过风险感知与使用负担影响老年人的技术接受、持续使用与生活质量获益。导电聚合物及其复合材料因轻量、柔性与电磁参数可设计等特性，为智慧养老场景下“抑干扰–保链路–增舒适”的协同优化提供材料路径，其屏蔽贡献通常由反射、吸收与材料内部多次散射共同构成。本文以远程医疗、智能家居监护与可穿戴监测为典型场景，构建“问题–场景–机理–效果”的分析框架，从材料层、系统层与用户层组织证据，并引入技术接受、风险社会、信任与社会技术系统等理论解释“舒适–信任–依从–生活质量”的作用链条。在此基础上，针对长期稳定性、成本与标准化测评不足等问题提出面向真实照护场景的工程化与评价建议，为生活质量导向的智能养老研究提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of accelerated population ageing globally and in China, the expanding older population and structural shifts in care needs place increasing pressure on care systems in continuity, accessibility, and personalization. Intelligent elderly care systems enabled by IoT and AI improve continuous monitoring and remote coordination; however, high-density device deployment in home and institutional settings can introduce electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues and link fluctuations under indoor multipath conditions, leading to sensor-data anomalies and reduced alarm reliability. These issues may further affect technology acceptance, continued use, and quality-of-life gains through older adults’ risk perception and perceived burden. Conductive polymers and their composites, featuring low weight, flexibility, and tunable electromagnetic parameters, offer a materials pathway for “interference suppression-link preservation-comfort enhancement”, with shielding typically arising from reflection, absorption, and multiple internal scattering. This paper develops a “problem-scenario-mechanism-effect” framework across telemedicine, smart home monitoring, and wearable sensing, organizing evidence at material, system, and user levels, and introducing theories of technology acceptance, risk society, trust, and sociotechnical systems to explain the pathway from comfort and trust to adherence and quality of life. Recommendations are provided to address long-term stability, cost, and insufficient standardized evaluation in real care settings.