竹材复原与数字建模：古代艨艟战船的形制再现与传统船艺实践

Bamboo Reconstruction and Digital Modeling: Recreating the Form of Ancient Mengchong Warships and Practicing Traditional Shipbuilding Craftsmanship

摘要: 艨艟是中国古代水军的重要突击战船，有狭长的船体与独特的防护设计，是融合了卓越军事工程智慧的较为成熟的战船设计。只是现在对艨艟的研究虽然很多，但是也只是集中于军事战术推演和文献文字解读，而缺少对实体复原的实操验证，不仅如此，竹艨艟制作工艺还存在“文献碎片化、传承断路化”的问题。我们采取文献收集阅读、Rhino 7软件三维构建、使用竹材复原跟进制作的跨学科手段，依托《释名·释船》《三国志》等文献对艨艟的描述，Rhino 7三维建模软件制作出艨艟精确的参数化模型，并且制作完成从龙骨搭设到场景布置实体物件的竹材复原。我们还还原艨艟从“竹选、累构、造船、护造”的施工工序的“沉船戎具”的传统水流道工艺，以补足艨艟形制问题研究的空白，也提供复原的普通造船手工过程，为传承古船留下历史踪迹，同时为现代轻型船的设计的“生态板”提供科技价值参考。

Abstract: Mengchong was a vital assault warship in ancient Chinese navies. Characterized by its narrow, elongated hull and unique protective design, it represented a sophisticated vessel that embodied exceptional wisdom in military engineering. However, despite the abundance of existing research on the Mengchong, such studies have been largely confined to military tactical deduction and textual interpretation of historical documents, lacking practical verification through physical restoration. Moreover, the craftsmanship of bamboo Mengchong construction is plagued by the problems of “fragmented documentation and broken inheritance”. To address these gaps, we adopted an interdisciplinary approach combining historical document collection and analysis, digital modeling with Rhino 7 software, and use bamboo reconstruction to prepare and process. Based on the descriptions of Mengchong recorded in ancient texts such as Shiming·Ship Explanation and Records of the Three Kingdoms, we created a precise parametric model of the Mengchong using Rhino 7 3D modeling software, and completed a full physical restoration of the vessel—from keel laying to scene arrangement—using bamboo materials. We also reconstructed the traditional “sunken warship armament” water-flow channel craft, restoring the complete construction sequence of the Mengchong: bamboo selection, layered assembly, shipbuilding, and maintenance. This effort fills the research blank regarding the structural specifications of the Mengchong, preserves the traditional manual shipbuilding process for heritage ancient ships, and provides scientific and technological reference value for the “ecological panels” used in the design of modern lightweight ships.