青少年肌少症与自发性气胸的关联：病理生理机制与临床研究进展综述

Association between Sarcopenia in Adolescents and Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Review of Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Research Progress

摘要: 本综述系统探讨对青少年健康均构成显著威胁的肌少症与自发性气胸的潜在关联，二者虽临床常被独立看待，但近年研究提示其存在共同病理生理学基础，营养失衡、结缔组织异常、慢性炎症、激素波动及遗传易感性或为核心关联因素。截至目前，尚无直接针对青少年群体的大规模流行病学调查证实肌少症与自发性气胸的共患率，亦无前瞻性队列研究直接比较气胸患者与健康对照者的肌肉质量、肌肉功能差异，临床干预也缺乏整合。本文通过梳理现有文献，概述相关研究现状与局限，展望其在早期识别、风险评估及多模式干预方面的研究方向，为临床实践与深入研究提供参考。

Abstract: This review systematically explores the potential association between sarcopenia and spontaneous pneumothorax, both of which pose significant threats to adolescent health. Although they are often regarded as independent clinical entities, recent studies suggest that they share common pathophysiological bases, and nutritional imbalance, connective tissue abnormalities, chronic inflammation, hormonal fluctuations, and genetic susceptibility may serve as core linking factors. To date, there have been no large-scale epidemiological surveys directly targeting the adolescent population to confirm the comorbidity rate of sarcopenia and spontaneous pneumothorax, nor have there been prospective cohort studies directly comparing differences in muscle mass and muscle function between pneumothorax patients and healthy controls, and clinical interventions also lack integration. By reviewing the existing literature, this article summarizes the current status and limitations of relevant research, prospects future directions in early identification, risk assessment and multimodal interventions, and provides a reference for clinical practice and in-depth studies.