药食同源中药防治骨质疏松的研究进展

Research Progress on Medicinal and Edible Chinese Herbs in the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Osteoporosis

摘要: 本文系统综述了药食同源中药防治骨质疏松症(OP)的研究进展。骨质疏松症以骨代谢失衡为特征，是全球性公共卫生问题。目前，中医药防治OP展现出多成分、多靶点、多通路的系统性调节优势。文中重点综述了枸杞子(主要活性成分槲皮素)、山药(薯蓣皂苷元、花旗松素)、肉桂(多种活性成分)、黄芪(黄芪甲苷)及人参(人参皂苷Rg3)等药食同源中药单体，通过调节WNT/β-catenin、BMP/TGF-β、OPG/RANKL/RANK、MAPK、NF-κB、Nrf2等关键信号通路，在促进成骨、抑制破骨、抗炎、抗氧化等方面发挥防治作用的现代药理机制。同时，概述了六味地黄丸、左归丸、右归丸等经典复方通过干预JAK/STAT、OPG/RANKL/RANK、Wnt/β-catenin、ESRRA/Wnt/β-catenin等多条通路调控骨代谢平衡的研究证据。综上所述，药食同源中药及其复方通过多途径、多环节协同作用，在防治骨质疏松症方面具有独特优势和潜力，为相关药物研发与临床应用提供了科学依据，但未来仍需大样本、高质量的深入研究以进一步验证其疗效并阐明作用机制。

Abstract: This article systematically reviews the research progress on the prevention and treatment of senile osteoporosis (OP) with medicinal and edible Chinese herbs. Osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance in bone metabolism, is a global public health concern. Currently, TCM prevention and treatment of OP demonstrates systemic regulatory advantages through multiple components, targets, and pathways. The review focuses on the modern pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal and edible herb monomers such as Chinese wolfberry (main active component quercetin), Chinese yam (diosgenin, taxifolin), cinnamon (multiple active components), astragalus (astragaloside IV), and ginseng (ginsenoside Rg3). These components exert preventive and therapeutic effects by regulating key signaling pathways—including WNT/β-catenin, BMP/TGF-β, OPG/RANKL/RANK, MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2—thereby promoting osteogenesis, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits. Furthermore, the article summarizes research evidence on classic compound formulas such as Liuwei Dihuang Wan, Zuogui Wan, and Yougui Wan, which regulate bone metabolic balance by intervening in multiple pathways including JAK/STAT, OPG/RANKL/RANK, Wnt/β-catenin, and ESRRA/Wnt/β-catenin. In summary, medicinal and edible Chinese herbs and their compound formulas, through multi-pathway and multi-link synergistic actions, possess unique advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, providing a scientific basis for related drug development and clinical application. However, future large-sample, high-quality in-depth studies are still needed to further validate their efficacy and elucidate their mechanisms of action.