寻甸县防雹增雨火箭作业碘化银的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Silver Iodide on Hail Prevention and Rain Enhancement Rocket Operations in Xundian County

摘要: 寻甸县开展碘化银作为催化剂的人工影响天气试验始于上世纪80年代中后期。采用碘化银火箭弹实施人工增雨防雹作业取得的社会、经济效益显著。为客观评价人工防雹、增雨作业可能影响区域碘化银(Ag⁺)残留变化，精准评价人工影响天气火箭作业区农田、水体等的生态环境安全。按项目监测规划要求，采集人工影响天气火箭弹作业核心区、生态对照区和水源地监测样本，经专业机构检测，结果得出：人工防雹、增雨火箭弹作业核心区域土壤样本碘化银(Ag⁺)残留含量平均值0.099 mg/kg，最高值0.231 mg/kg，最低值0.041 mg/kg；2个黑颈鹤保护区从未开展过人工影响天气作业的生态对照监测区土壤样本碘化银(Ag⁺)含量平均为0.189 mg/kg，最高值0.211 mg/kg，最低值0.167 mg/kg；2个水源或径流区土壤样本的碘化银(Ag⁺)含量平均为0.199 mg/kg，高值0.267 mg/kg，最低值0.130 mg/kg。2个水源或径流区水体样本中均未检测出含有碘化银(Ag⁺)成分。结论与全国各地开展同类研究成果一致，即以寻甸县为代表的低纬高原开展人工影响天气作业不会影响到生态和人类健康。

Abstract: The artificial weather modification experiments using silver iodide as a catalyst in Xundian County began in the mid-to-late 1980s. The social and economic benefits achieved by using silver iodide rockets for artificial rain enhancement and hail prevention operations are remarkable. To objectively evaluate the changes in silver iodide (Ag⁺) residues in the areas that may be affected by artificial hail suppression and rain enhancement operations, and precisely assess the ecological environment safety of farmland, water bodies, etc. in the artificial weather modification rocket operation area. In accordance with the requirements of the project monitoring plan, monitoring samples were collected from the core area, ecological control area and water source area of the artificial weather modification rocket operation, and were tested by professional institutions. The results show that the average residual content of silver iodide (Ag⁺) in soil samples in the core area of artificial hail suppression and rain enhancement rocket operations is 0.099 mg/kg, the maximum value is 0.231 mg/kg, and the minimum value is 0.041 mg/kg. The average content of silver iodide (Ag⁺) in soil samples of two ecological control monitoring areas for the protection of black-necked cranes, where artificial weather modification operations had never been carried out was 0.189 mg/kg, with the highest value being 0.211 mg/kg and the lowest value being 0.167 mg/kg. The average content of silver iodide (Ag⁺) in soil samples from two water sources or runoff areas was 0.199 mg/kg, with a high value of 0.267 mg/kg and a low value of 0.130 mg/kg. Silver iodide (Ag⁺) components were not detected in the water samples from the two water sources or runoff areas. The conclusion is consistent with the research results of similar studies carried out across the country, that is, conducting artificial weather modification operations in low-latitude plateaus represented by Xundian County will not affect the ecology and human health.