不同受众视域下的职业院校留学生国情课精准路径初探——以《北京农业职业学院》和北京高校国情类优质课为例

A Preliminary Study on the Precision Path of National Conditions Courses for International Students in Vocational Colleges from the Perspective of Different Audiences—Taking Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture and Beijing Higher Education Institutions’ High-Quality National Conditions Courses as Examples

摘要: 在来华留学教育提质增效的背景下，国情类课程的教学创新成为关键。但各种国情类课程概念划分不清，受众不明。因此本文构建了以“受众分析”为核心的对比分析框架。通过对国内学生与来华留学生、高校学历生与职业院校技能生两类维度的课程进行比较，试图厘清国情类课程的内涵和外延，并基于对多场国情类优质课决赛课例的观察，深入剖析其在课程性质、教学目标、内容话语及教学方法上的系统性差异。研究发现，成功的教学案例均体现出从“统一供给”到“精准适配”的转向，其核心在于依据受众认知背景与学习需求，对课程进行基本的定位与策略性设计。基于比较，本文提炼出面向职业院校留学生的国情课改革的基本定位和精准路径，并为国情类课程的教学体系和教育模式提供了具有可操作性的建议。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of improving the quality and efficiency of international education in China, pedagogical innovation in national conditions courses has become a key issue. However, the concepts of various national conditions courses remain unclear, and their target audiences are poorly defined. Therefore, this paper constructs a comparative analysis framework centered on “audience analysis”. By comparing courses along two dimensions—domestic students versus international students in China, and academic degree students in higher education institutions versus skill-oriented students in vocational colleges—this study attempts to clarify the connotation and extension of national conditions courses. Based on observations of multiple finalist lessons in high-quality national conditions course competitions, the paper systematically analyzes the differences in course nature, teaching objectives, content and discourse, as well as teaching methods. The study finds that successful teaching cases all demonstrate a shift from “uniform provision” to “precision adaptation”, with the core lying in the accurate positioning and strategic design of courses according to the cognitive backgrounds and learning needs of the target audience. On this basis, this paper identifies the fundamental positioning and precision paths for the reform of national conditions courses for international students in vocational colleges, and provides actionable suggestions for the teaching system and educational model of national conditions courses.