多照护模式下失能老人服务利用差异研究

A Study on Differences in Service Utilization among Disabled Elderly under Multiple Care Models

摘要: 随着人口老龄化程度不断加深，由家庭成员照护的失能老人对专业养老服务的利用率普遍偏低。本文基于需求溢出理论，从失能老人与家庭照护者双元视角出发，分析不同照护模式下服务利用的差异及其成因，探讨优化路径。研究发现，根据家庭照护资源与社会服务利用程度，可将照护模式归纳为纯家庭依赖型、家庭主导服务补充型、服务主导家庭辅助型和机构替代型四种类型。利用差异主要由老人失能程度、照护者负担情况以及双方资源条件共同决定。在此基础上，本文从构建家庭社区共同体、建立二元精准识别机制、强化照护者整合式支持、推动公共数据赋能四个方面，提出促进养老服务精准供给与资源优化配置的建议。

Abstract: As the population ages, disabled elderly cared for by family members show low utilization of professional care services. Based on Demand Spillover Theory, this paper constructs a dual analytical framework focusing on both disabled elderly and their family caregivers to examine utilization differences under multiple care models and explore optimization paths. According to family care resources and social service utilization, care models can be classified into four types: pure family-dependent, family-led with service supplementation, service-led with family assistance, and institution-substitution. Utilization differences are jointly determined by disability level, caregiver burden patterns, and resource conditions of both parties. Based on these findings, this paper proposes optimization paths from four aspects: building family-community communities, establishing dual identification mechanisms, strengthening integrated caregiver support, and promoting public data empowerment, to achieve precise service supply and optimal resource allocation.