社会转型期中国家庭代际关系变迁：特征、机制与调适路径

Changes in Intergenerational Relations in Chinese Families during the Period of Social Transformation: Characteristics, Mechanisms and Adjustment Paths

摘要: 在社会现代化转型、低生育率与人口老龄化并存的时代背景下，中国家庭代际关系正发生深刻变革。本研究以代际关系矛盾心境理论、孝道双元模式为框架，结合丁克家庭、隔代抚育、全职儿女等形态展开实证分析，系统分析转型期我国家庭代际关系的变迁特征、形成机制与现实困境。研究发现，当代代际关系呈现权力结构重构与情感联结延续、传统家庭主义与现代个体化交织的核心特征，其变迁源于生育观念转变、资源分配调整与伦理价值重构。通过对团结、解放、复制、原子化四种模式的考察，研究提出应构建以平等协商为基础、情感联结为核心、多元支持为保障的代际关系调适路径，为推动家庭和谐与社会稳定提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of social modernization, low fertility rate and population aging, intergenerational relations in Chinese families are undergoing profound changes. Based on the theory of ambivalence in intergenerational relations and the dual-model of filial piety, this study conducts an empirical analysis by incorporating such family forms as DINK families, skipped-generation caregiving, and full-time adult children. It systematically examines the changing characteristics, formative mechanisms and practical dilemmas of intergenerational relations in Chinese families during the transitional period. The study finds that contemporary intergenerational relations are featured by the restructuring of power structure alongside the continuation of emotional bonds, and the intertwining of traditional familism and modern individualization. Such changes stem from the transformation of fertility attitudes, the adjustment of resource allocation, and the reconstruction of ethical values. Through investigating four patterns—solidarity, liberation, reproduction and atomization—the study proposes an adjustment path for intergenerational relations that is built on equal negotiation, centered on emotional connection, and guaranteed by diversified support, so as to provide theoretical and practical references for promoting family harmony and social stability.