研究生人力资本集聚对经济高质量发展的影响效应

The Effect of Postgraduate Human Capital Agglomeration on High-Quality Economic Development

摘要: 研究生人力资本存在显著的空间集聚效应，将成为新时代提升我国经济高质量发展的核心动力。基于区位熵指数和逐层纵横向拉开档次法分别测算出我国30个省份2012~2021年的研究生人力资本集聚和经济高质量发展水平，通过空间计量模型分析研究生人才集聚对经济发展的空间效应。研究结果表明，研究生人才集聚对本地经济发展呈“倒U型”影响趋势，而对邻近省份具有正向溢出效应；东、中和西部地区的研究生人才集聚对经济发展呈不同的影响趋势；目前只有上海和北京已跨过“倒U型”曲线的拐点，仍有28个省份处于“倒U型”曲线的第I阶段。这说明研究生人才集聚的正外部性占主导地位，为推动研究生人力资本集群发展、增强整体经济发展质量具有重要意义。

Abstract: Postgraduate human capital has a significant spatial agglomeration effect, which will become the core driving force for improving the high-quality development of China’s economy in the new era. Based on the location entropy index and the layer-by-layer vertical and horizontal scatter degree method, the postgraduate human capital agglomeration and high-quality economic development level of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021 are measured respectively. The spatial effect of postgraduate talent agglomeration on economic development is analyzed by spatial econometric model. The results show that the agglomeration of postgraduate talents has an “inverted U-shaped” impact on local economic development, and has a positive spillover effect on neighboring provinces; the agglomeration of postgraduate talents in the eastern, central and western regions has different influence trends on economic development. At present, only Shanghai and Beijing have crossed the inflection point of the “inverted U-shaped” curve, and 28 provinces are still in the first stage of the “inverted U-shaped” curve. This shows that the positive externality of postgraduate talent agglomeration is dominant, which is of great significance to promote the development of postgraduate human capital cluster and enhance the quality of overall economic development.