强化营养管理方案对老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折手术患者功能恢复及新发骨折结局的影响

Effect of an Enhanced Nutritional Management Program on Functional Recovery and New Fracture Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgery for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

摘要: 目的：探讨强化营养管理方案对老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折手术患者功能恢复及骨折相关结局的影响。方法：选取2023年12月~2025年12月在潍坊市人民医院脊柱退变与肿瘤科接受经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者90例，采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组，各45例。对照组实施常规护理，干预组在常规护理基础上实施强化营养管理。比较两组患者术前、术后1个月及3个月Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和视觉模拟评分(VAS)，并比较两组患者营养风险筛查量表2002 (NRS-2002)评分、血清白蛋白水平及术后6个月新发骨折发生情况。结果：术后1个月及3个月时，干预组ODI评分和VAS评分均低于对照组(P < 0.05)。术后1个月干预组NRS-2002评分低于对照组，血清白蛋白水平高于对照组(P < 0.05)。随访6个月期间，干预组发生新发骨折1例，对照组发生2例。结论：在常规护理基础上实施强化营养管理可改善老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的营养状况，促进术后功能恢复并减轻疼痛，具有一定临床应用价值。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of an enhanced nutritional management program on functional recovery and fracture-related outcomes in elderly patients undergoing surgery for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Methods: A total of 90 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the Department of Spine Degeneration and Oncology at Weifang People’s Hospital between December 2023 and December 2025 were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group received enhanced nutritional management in addition to routine care. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were assessed before surgery and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) scores and serum albumin levels were evaluated, and the occurrence of new fractures was recorded during the 6-month follow-up period. Results: At 1 and 3 months after surgery, the ODI and VAS scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). At 1 month after surgery, the NRS-2002 score in the intervention group was lower and the serum albumin level was higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). During the 6-month follow-up, 1 patient in the intervention group and 2 patients in the control group developed new vertebral fractures. Conclusion: Enhanced nutritional management may improve nutritional status and promote functional recovery in elderly patients undergoing surgery for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, and may contribute to better postoperative outcomes.