软弱岩层悬索桥隧道锚建设现状综述

A Review of the Current Situation of Tunnel-Type Anchorage Construction of Suspension Bridges in Weak Rock Formations

摘要: 本文聚焦软岩地层悬索桥隧道锚，深入剖析其现状。悬索桥结构独特，隧道锚优势显著，应用广泛。国外自1932年起，美国率先应用于乔治·华盛顿大桥，随后英国、挪威、日本等国相继跟进，多集中于欧美地区，20世纪末日本应用较多，且多应用于大跨度桥梁，技术相对成熟。国内早期应用较少，自2016年起数量逐年递增，主要分布于西南地区，但锚塞体轴向长度较国外偏小。我国大跨度悬索桥多采用重力式锚碇，复杂地质条件下隧道锚碇应用比例低。学术研究方面，以有限元数值分析等为主要研究方法，涵盖施工技术及方案、承载特性、破坏模式与稳定性分析等内容，成果颇丰。邻近工程与隧道锚相互作用显著，间距不同影响各异。当前，软岩地层隧道锚结构工程稀缺，施工技术欠成熟，研究深度不足，需优化结构、改进技术与方案，增强抗拔和抗震能力，拓展研究领域，以充分发挥其在实际工程中的作用。

Abstract: This paper focuses on tunnel-type anchorage of suspension bridges in weak rock strata. Suspension bridges have unique structures and tunnel-type anchorage have significant advantages and wide applications. Since 1932, the US first used them on the George Washington Bridge. Later, countries like the UK, Norway, and Japan followed. In the late 20th century, Japan used them more often for long-span bridges with mature technology. In China, early applications were few. Since 2016, the number has increased annually, mainly in the southwest. But the axial length of anchor plugs is smaller than abroad. In China, long-span suspension bridges mostly use gravity anchorages. The application ratio of tunnel anchorages in complex geological conditions is low. In academic research, finite element numerical analysis is the main method, covering construction technology, bearing characteristics, failure modes, and stability analysis with abundant results. Adjacent projects interact significantly with tunnel anchors, and different spacings have different effects. Currently, tunnel-type anchorage projects in soft rock strata are scarce, construction technology is immature, and research depth is insufficient. We need to optimize structures, improve technology and schemes, enhance pull-out and seismic resistance, and expand research fields to give full play to their roles in practical engineering.