马克思主义人学视域下人工智能时代的主体性审视

An Examination of Subjectivity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Marxist Anthropology

摘要: 在马克思主义人学视域下，人的主体性表征为现实的个人依托对象性实践活动，能动建构主客体关系、彰显自身本质力量的根本性内在规定。其既体现为人在处理人与自然、人与社会关系中的主动建构性，亦确证了人作为历史主体的存在本质，即以自我意识与自觉能动性为意识基础，以社会实践为现实根基，以人的自由全面发展为终极价值指向。人工智能技术的深度嵌入与广泛应用，使人的主体性在意识前提、社会关系建构与发展目标实现等维度遭遇多重现实困境。立足马克思主义人学基本立场，构建干预机制、遵循价值准则与优化课程体系三个维度的协同推进，是消解人工智能时代人的主体性困境及实现主体性本质复归的重要路径。

Abstract: From the perspective of Marxist anthropology, human subjectivity is characterised as the fundamental intrinsic condition whereby real individuals, through object-oriented practical activities, actively construct the relationship between subject and object and manifest their essential powers. It manifests not only as the proactive constructiveness of human beings in managing relationships between humans and nature, and between humans and society, but also affirms the essential nature of human existence as historical subjects—that is, grounded in self-awareness and conscious agency, rooted in social practice, and oriented towards the free and comprehensive development of humanity as its ultimate value. The deep integration and widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology have placed human subjectivity in a state of multiple practical predicaments across dimensions such as the preconditions of consciousness, the construction of social relations, and the realisation of developmental goals. Grounded in the fundamental stance of Marxist anthropology, the coordinated advancement of three dimensions—the construction of intervention mechanisms, adherence to value principles, and the optimisation of the curriculum system—constitutes a vital pathway for resolving the predicaments of human subjectivity in the AI era and achieving the restoration of the essence of subjectivity.