当代资本主义的制度性分离与总体性危机——基于南希·弗雷泽资本主义批判理论评析

Institutional Separation and Systemic Crisis of Contemporary Capitalism—An Analysis Based on Nancy Fraser’s Critique of Capitalism

摘要: 当代资本主义危机呈现出经济、生态、政治、社会等多维度交织的特征，而传统批判理论却难以提供有效的分析工具。美国批判理论家南茜·弗雷泽(Nancy Fraser)通过对资本主义概念的重新定义，为理解当代危机提供了新的理论范式。南希·弗雷泽的资本主义危机理论突破了传统政治经济学批判的“经济主义”局限，通过对“经济前景”与“非经济背景”关系的深度剖析，揭示了资本主义作为一种制度化社会秩序的内在危机结构。本文从马克思主义立场出发，深入探析阐释弗雷泽关于资本主义四重分离的理论框架，分析这些“前景”与“背景”的制度性分离如何构成资本主义的危机根源，并对弗雷泽理论进行批判性反思。

Abstract: The crises of contemporary capitalism exhibit a multidimensional intertwining of economic, ecological, political, and social dimensions, yet traditional critical theories struggle to provide effective analytical tools. American critical theorist Nancy Fraser, by redefining the concept of capitalism, offers a new theoretical paradigm for understanding contemporary crises. Fraser’s theory of capitalist crisis transcends the “economistic” limitations of traditional political economy critique. Through an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the “economic foreground” and the “non-economic background,” she reveals the inherent crisis structure of capitalism as an institutionalized social order. From a Marxist perspective, this paper explores and interprets Fraser’s theoretical framework of the quadruple separation of capitalism, analyzing how these institutional separations between “foreground” and “background” constitute the root causes of capitalist crises, while offering a critical reflection on Fraser’s theory.