交通肇事“逃逸致人死亡”的独立性研究

The Study on the Independence of “Causing Death by Fleeing the Scene” in Traffic Offenses

摘要: 我国刑法中并未对交通肇事罪中的“逃逸”进行明确界定，而最高人民法院、最高人民检察院以司法解释的形式将其定义为肇事者为了逃避法律责任所采取的逃匿行为。但是，对于这种定义是否合理，学界存在较大分歧。在分析“逃离致人死亡”的立法目的时，应当结合交通肇事罪的构成要件以及立法精神，把“逃避施救义务”作为该制度首要保护的法益，这样更符合立法初衷。“逃离致人死亡”与交通肇事罪基本构成要件之间关系，需要突破传统学理认识，从新角度进行探讨，可以将其看作是刑法典中的一个特殊规定，具有相对独立性。目前司法解释对于立法意图以及理论依据都比较薄弱，缺乏合理理由支持。

Abstract: The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China fails to clearly define the term “flight” in the context of traffic-related misdeeds, but via judicial interpretation, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate have specified it as the action of the offender fleeing to shun legal responsibility, however, this definition has been a source of substantial academic dispute, so to analyze the legislative intention regarding the provision on flight leading to death, one has to look into both the essential components of the traffic-accident-causing offense and the fundamental legislative tenets, and giving precedence to safeguarding the obligation to offer assistance is more in line with the original legislative aim, also the connection between flight resulting in death and the basic aspects of the traffic offense demands a breakaway from traditional doctrinal structures, thus requiring a fresh examination of the matter from a new angle: that of a separate and rather independent clause within the Criminal Code, finally current judicial interpretations offer inadequate support for the underlying legislative intention and theoretical bases and are lacking in sufficient rationale.