翻译等值理论视角下莫言小说中文化负载词俄译策略研究

A Study on the Russian Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Mo Yan’s Novels from the Perspective of Translation Equivalence Theory

摘要: 在跨文化交际的背景下，文学作品的译介常因文化差异、习俗分歧与语言结构之别而面临特殊挑战，尤其体现在文化负载词的处理上。译者需灵活运用多种翻译策略，在尽可能忠实于原文的基础上，追求译文与原文在意义、风格与功能上的最大等值。俄罗斯汉学家叶果夫译介的莫言小说在俄国广受欢迎，但莫言作品多以中国北方乡土社会为背景，富含大量文化负载词及方言表达，为其俄译带来相当难度。本文以翻译等值理论为视角，重点研究莫言小说中文化负载词的俄译策略，旨在总结有效处理方法，同时对译文中值得商榷的部分提出笔者的翻译方法，以期为中国文学外译实践提供参考与借鉴。

Abstract: In the context of cross-cultural communication, the translation and introduction of literary works often encounter special challenges due to cultural differences, custom divergences and distinctions in language structure, especially in the handling of culture-loaded words. Translators need to flexibly apply various translation strategies to pursue the greatest equivalence in meaning, style and function of the translation and the original text on the basis of being as faithful as possible to the original text. The novels of Mo Yan translated and introduced by the Russian sinologist Yegorov have been widely popular in Russia. However, Mo Yan’s works are mostly set in the rural society of northern China and are rich in culture-loaded words and dialect expressions, which bring considerable difficulty to their Russian translation. This paper, from the perspective of translation equivalence theory, focuses on the Russian translation strategies of culture-loaded words in Mo Yan’s novels, aiming to summarize effective handling methods and at the same time propose the translator’s translation methods for the debatable parts in the translation, in order to provide reference and inspiration for the practice of translating Chinese literature into foreign languages.