主观极量构式“X到没边”句法研究

A Syntactic Study of the Subjective Maximal-Degree Construction “X Dao Mei Bian”

摘要: “X到没边”是现代汉语网络与口语中高频使用的新兴主观极量构式，符合构式语法“形式固化 + 语义非组合 + 高频使用”的判定标准。本文以构式语法、语法化理论为框架，结合语料库数据对其展开句法分析，发现构式内常项“到”已语法化为介词性补语标记，“没边”固化为极量程度补语，二者是构式成立的句法枢纽；变项“X”词类准入呈“核心–边缘–特殊”层级分布，以性质形容词为核心，动词、名词及网络特殊形式为补充。该构式主要充当谓语核心、定语与宾语，受粘合性述补结构本质和主观极量语义制约，无法充当主语、补语与状语。本文研究丰富了现代汉语主观极量构式研究体系，也为网络新兴语法现象的构式化研究提供了具体案例。

Abstract: “X dao mei bian” is an emerging subjective maximal-degree construction frequently used in modern Chinese online communication and oral speech. It meets the criteria of construction grammar: formal fixation, non-compositional meaning, and high frequency of use. Based on construction grammar and grammaticalization theory, this paper conducts a syntactic analysis with corpus data. The study shows that the constant element dao in the construction has grammaticalized into a prepositional complement marker, and mei bian has fossilized as a maximal-degree complement; the two function as the syntactic hub of the construction. The category access of the variable X presents a hierarchical distribution of “core-periphery-special”, with qualitative adjectives as the core, supplemented by verbs, nouns and network-borne special forms. The construction mainly serves as the core predicate, attribute and object, but cannot function as the subject, complement or adverbial due to its cohesive verb-complement structure and subjective maximal-degree semantics. This study enriches the research system of subjective maximal-degree constructions in modern Chinese and provides a concrete case for the constructionalization study of emerging network grammatical phenomena.