农村半失能老人居家康复护理服务体系的构建与完善——以南京市为例

Construction and Improvement of the Home-Based Rehabilitation and Care Service System for Semi-Disabled Elderly in Rural Areas—A Case Study of Nanjing

摘要: 在我国人口老龄化程度持续加深、养老服务供给长期不足的背景下，农村半失能老人居家康复护理需求日益增长，已成为亟待破解的重要难题。立足我国农村“叶落归根、居家养老”的文化传统，居家康复护理兼顾成本效益与情感需求，是应对这一养老困境的关键路径。南京市作为东部地区中心城市，在农村养老服务领域先行先试，出台多项政策提升服务质量与效率，但仍面临服务供给分布不均、专业人才匮乏、资源整合碎片化等体制机制障碍。本研究综合运用文献研究、实地调研与案例分析等混合研究方法，系统剖析南京市农村半失能老人居家康复护理的需求特征与供给现状，深入探究现存问题的深层成因，并结合本土实践案例与国际经验，构建针对性的服务体系优化框架。研究结论可为南京市及我国同类城镇化地区完善农村半失能老人居家康复护理服务提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: This study addresses the critical challenge posed by the escalating demand for home-based rehabilitation care among rural semi-disabled elderly in China, amidst deepening population aging and persistent shortages in service supply. Grounded in the cultural preference for “returning to one’s roots” in rural eldercare, home-based rehabilitation offers a pragmatic balance between cost-effectiveness and emotional well-being, emerging as a pivotal solution to this caregiving crisis. As a leading eastern Chinese metropolis, Nanjing has pioneered rural eldercare services, implementing numerous policies to enhance quality and efficiency. However, it still grapples with systemic barriers: uneven service distribution, insufficient professional expertise, and fragmented resource integration. Employing a mixed-methods approach integrating literature review, field investigation, and case analysis, this research systematically examines the demand characteristics and supply dynamics of home-based rehabilitation services for rural semi-disabled elderly in Nanjing. It further delves into the underlying causes of identified challenges. Drawing on local case studies and international best practices, the study proposes a targeted framework to strengthen the service system. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights and practical implications for optimizing home-based rehabilitation care for rural semi-disabled elderly in Nanjing and similar urbanizing regions in China.