问题性社交网络使用对社交焦虑的影响机制

The Mechanism of Problematic Social Networking Site Use on Social Anxiety

摘要: 本研究基于资源保存理论，构建了一个双重中介模型，旨在探究问题性社交网络使用(PSNU)对大学生社交焦虑的影响机制。研究以1793名在校大学生为被试，通过问卷调查法收集数据，并采用PROCESS宏程序进行并行中介效应检验。研究的核心假设是，自我认同感和感知压力在PSNU与社交焦虑之间扮演中介角色。研究发现：1) PSNU能显著正向预测社交焦虑。2) 自我认同感在PSNU与社交焦虑之间起显著的正向中介作用，即PSNU通过提升自我认同感，进而加剧了社交焦虑。该路径的效应量占总效应的50.5%。3) 感知压力在PSNU与社交焦虑之间起显著的负向中介作用，即PSNU通过降低感知压力，进而缓解了社交焦虑。该路径的效应量占总效应的28.5%。4) 这两条中介路径构成并行中介机制，但作用方向相反。自我认同感作为“风险路径”的效应强于感知压力作为“保护路径”的效应。研究结论认为，自我认同感和感知压力是理解PSNU与社交焦虑关系的关键内在机制，并为心理干预提供了实证依据。

Abstract: Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory, this study constructed a dual mediation model to investigate the mechanism through which problematic social networking site use (PSNU) affects social anxiety among college students. A sample of 1793 college students participated in the study, data were collected via questionnaires, and parallel mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro. The core hypothesis was that self-identity and perceived stress serve as mediators in the relationship between PSNU and social anxiety. The findings revealed that: (1) PSNU significantly and positively predicted social anxiety; (2) self-identity played a significant positive mediating role between PSNU and social anxiety, indicating that PSNU exacerbates social anxiety by enhancing self-identity, with this path accounting for 50.5% of the total effect; (3) perceived stress played a significant negative mediating role between PSNU and social anxiety, indicating that PSNU alleviates social anxiety by reducing perceived stress, with this path accounting for 28.5% of the total effect; and (4) these two mediating pathways constitute a parallel mediation mechanism with opposite directions, and the effect of self-identity as a “risk path” is stronger than that of perceived stress as a “protective path”. The study concludes that self-identity and perceived stress are key internal mechanisms for understanding the relationship between PSNU and social anxiety, providing empirical evidence for psychological interventions.