社会支持视角下中小学心理健康教育专职教师发展困境与展望研究综述

A Review of the Development Dilemmas and Prospects for Full-Time Mental Health Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools from the Perspective of Social Support

摘要: 在健康中国战略与新时代学生心理健康工作政策推动下，中小学心理健康教育专职教师成为学生心理安全防线的核心力量。本文以近十年国内核心文献为基础，系统梳理我国中小学心理健康教育专职教师的研究现状、现实困境与发展方向。研究表明，当前专职教师队伍面临师资配置失衡、专业素养不均、培训体系薄弱、职业发展受限、工作压力过载五大突出问题；现有研究存在理论支撑不足、本土化干预薄弱、样本分布不均、教师自身心理健康关注欠缺、体系化研究缺失等局限。未来应从制度保障、专业赋能、社会支持、技术融合、实证研究五方面完善体系，推动专职教师队伍高质量、专业化发展，提升中小学心理健康教育整体成效。

Abstract: Driven by the Healthy China strategy and policies for mental health work of students in the new era, full-time mental health teachers in primary and secondary schools have become the core force safeguarding students’ psychological safety. Based on core domestic literature in the recent decade, this paper systematically sorts out the research status, practical dilemmas and development directions of full-time mental health teachers in primary and secondary schools in China. The results show that the current team of full-time teachers faces five prominent problems: unbalanced allocation of teaching resources, uneven professional quality, weak training system, restricted career development, and excessive work pressure. Existing studies have limitations such as insufficient theoretical support, weak localized intervention, unbalanced sample distribution, insufficient attention to teachers’ own mental health, and lack of systematic research. In the future, the system should be improved from five aspects: institutional guarantee, professional empowerment, social support, technological integration and empirical research, so as to promote the high-quality and professional development of full-time mental health teachers and improve the overall effectiveness of mental health education in primary and secondary schools.