思维控制能力和负性情绪的双向预测效应：基于交叉滞后模型的分析

Bidirectional Predictive Effects between Thought Control Ability and Negative Affect: Evidence from a Cross-Lagged Panel Model

摘要: 思维控制能力(Thought Control Ability, TCA)是个体在面对复杂认知任务时，能够灵活、优化地调控多种认知过程的能力，对维护心理健康具有重要作用。本研究运用交叉滞后面板模型(Cross-Lagged Panel Model, CLPM)，探究TCA与负性情绪成分间的双向预测关系。采用思维控制能力问卷(Thought Control Ability Questionnaire, TCAQ)、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS)和正负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS)对48名大学生及研究生进行三次纵向追踪测量(T1, T2, T3)。结果显示：(1) T1~T2时段，TCA对后续总体负性情绪水平存在显著的预测关系(β = 0.42, p = 0.003)，总体负性情绪水平对TCA的预测不显著(β = −0.24, p = 0.20)；(2) T1~T2时段，TCA对焦虑水平(β = 0.45, p = 0.003)和负性情绪状态(β = 0.50, p < 0.001)具有显著的预测效应，但对抑郁水平的预测不显著；(3) T1~T2时段，抑郁对后续TCA具有显著预测作用，焦虑、抑郁及负性情绪状态对TCA的反向预测效应未达显著水平。本研究通过交叉滞后模型验证了TCA对负性情绪的预测及抑郁对后续TCA的反向预测作用，提示TCA与不同负性情绪成分的预测模式可能存在差异，为情绪障碍的早期识别与干预提供了新的研究视角。

Abstract: Thought Control Ability (TCA) refers to an individual’s capacity to flexibly and efficiently regulate multiple cognitive processes when facing complex cognitive tasks, and it plays an important role in maintaining mental health. The present study employed a Cross-Lagged Panel Model (CLPM) to examine the bidirectional predictive relationships between TCA and components of negative affect. Forty-eight undergraduate and graduate students were assessed at three time points (T1, T2, and T3) using the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results indicated that: (1) During the T1~T2 interval, TCA significantly predicted subsequent overall negative affect (β = 0.42, p = 0.003), whereas overall negative affect did not significantly predict TCA (β = −0.24, p = 0.20). (2) Further analyses showed that TCA significantly predicted anxiety (β= 0.45, p = 0.003) and negative affect state (β = 0.50, p < 0.001), but not depression. (3) No significant reverse predictive effects from anxiety, depression, or negative affect state to TCA were observed. These findings suggest differential longitudinal predictive patterns between TCA and distinct components of negative affect. The results provide new insights into the dynamic interplay between cognitive control ability and emotional experiences and may have implications for the early identification and intervention of emotional disorders.