北宋邵雍对“体用”的阐释及其主要特点

An Interpretation of “Ti-Yong” by Shao Yong of the Northern Song Dynasty and Its Main Features

摘要: 学术界对北宋邵雍思想研究的颇多，但对邵雍的“体用”思想的阐释及主要特点还有深入探讨的空间。邵雍借助对“体用”的阐释来构建其象数体系，其体用言说属于对现象世界的描绘。邵雍对“体”与“用”这一对范畴的阐释，不同于程朱理学式的有体生生哲学，而是更加贴合万物本身。此外，邵雍“体”与“用”的思想，也借鉴了邵古声音之学的“全数”“用数”的概念。通过探讨邵雍是如何运用体用这一对范畴，去解析万物的构成并使其成为“观物”的哲学方法，可以更好地理解邵雍思想的全貌及其对理学发展的影响。

Abstract: Extensive research has been conducted on the philosophy of Shao Yong, a prominent thinker of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, there remains considerable space for further inquiry into his interpretation of “ti-yong” (substance and function) and its defining characteristics. Shao Yong structured his cosmological system of images and numbers through his exposition of “ti-yong”, and his accounts of this conceptual pair center on the description of the phenomenal world. His understanding of “ti-yong” differs from the ChengZhu NeoConfucian view that “substance engenders function”, instead anchoring the concept in the inherent nature of all things. Furthermore, Shao Yong’s thought on “ti-yong” also draws upon the ideas of “primordial number” and “manifested number” from his studies of ancient phonology. By examining how he employed the “ti-yong” binary to analyze the constitution of all beings and developed it into the philosophical method of “observing things”, we can attain a more complete understanding of Shao Yong’s philosophical system as a whole and its influence on the development of NeoConfucianism.