广西南丹某锑矿区锑砷复合污染土壤组合修复技术及工程成效

The Combined Remediation Technology and Engineering Effectiveness for the Combined Pollution of Antimony and Arsenic in the Soil of a Certain Antimony Mining Area in Nandan, Guangxi

摘要: 广西南丹某废弃冶炼渣堆场地因长期堆存锑矿冶炼废渣，遭受锑、砷等重金属严重复合污染，锑、砷最大超标倍数分别达43倍和275倍，浅层地下水、周边地表水同步受污，场地生态系统极度退化，植被覆盖率仅约1%，土壤呈极端酸性且有机质匮乏。本项目依托国家重点研发计划项目要求，针对性采用“生物淋洗 + 原位稳定化 + 原位阻隔 + 生态恢复”组合修复工艺技术方案，于2024年7至10月开展场地修复工程。效果评估结果表明：修复后土壤锑、砷浸出浓度均达标，边界输出通量分别降低65%和42%，异位淋洗锑砷淋洗率超90%，植被覆盖率提升至87.92%，全面达到国家重点研发计划项目考核指标。本工程为我国锑矿区重金属复合污染土壤的治理与生态修复提供了可复制、可推广的技术模式和工程实践经验。

Abstract: In a certain abandoned slag heap site in Nandan, Guangxi, due to the long-term storage of lead-zinc smelting waste, the site has suffered severe combined pollution from heavy metals such as antimony and arsenic. The maximum exceedance multiples of antimony and arsenic reached 43 times and 275 times, respectively. The shallow groundwater and surrounding surface water were simultaneously contaminated, and the ecosystem of the site was severely degraded. The vegetation coverage was only about 1%, and the soil was extremely acidic with a lack of organic matter. Based on the requirements of the key national research and development program project, this project adopted a targeted combined remediation technology scheme of “biological leaching + in-situ stabilization + in-situ barrier + ecological restoration”. The site remediation project was carried out from July to October 2024. The effect evaluation results showed that after the remediation, the leaching concentrations of antimony and arsenic in the soil met the standards, the boundary output fluxes were reduced by 65% and 42% respectively, the leaching rate of antimony and arsenic by in-situ leaching exceeded 90%, the vegetation coverage was increased to 87.92%, and all the indicators of the key national research and development program project were fully met. This project provided a replicable and scalable technical model and engineering practice experience for the treatment and ecological restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soil in China’s lead-zinc mining areas.