不同生境下湿地鸟类粪便的菌群组成

Composition of Fecal Microorganisms of Wetland Birds in Different Habitats

摘要: 为比较不同生境湿地鸟类粪便细菌群落特征，本研究在四川省广元南河、昭化、乐山犍为与冠英等地的走廊、河岸、田地、树林、芦苇丛与观鸟屋等生境中采集湿地鸟类新鲜粪便样本共61份。提取总DNA后扩增16S rRNA基因V3-V4区并进行高通量测序，基于97%相似性聚类OTU并开展分类学注释与Alpha多样性分析。结果表明在门水平上，相对丰度 > 1%的共有17个菌门，其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌门，平均相对丰度分别为40.33%、27.36%和20.24%。在属水平上，相对丰度 > 1%的共有231个菌属，其中乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)和乳球菌属(Lactococcus)相对丰度较高，分别为7.2%、4.8%和4.1%。不同生境间ACE、Chao1、Shannon与Simpson指数差异均未达显著水平(P > 0.05)，提示不同生境湿地鸟类粪便细菌群落整体特征未检测到显著差异。

Abstract: To characterize fecal bacterial communities of wetland birds across habitats, we collected 61 fresh fecal samples from multiple wetland bird taxa in Sichuan Province, China, covering six habitat types (corridor, riverbank, farmland, woodland, reedbed, and birdwatching hide). Total DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using high-throughput sequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered at 97% sequence similarity, followed by taxonomic assignment and alpha-diversity analyses. At the phylum level, 17 phyla showed relative abundance >1%, with Proteobacteria (40.33%), Firmicutes (27.36%), and Actinobacteria (20.24%) dominating the communities. At the genus level, 231 genera exceeded 1% relative abundance, among which Lactobacillus (7.2%), Enterococcus (4.8%), and Lactococcus (4.1%) were the most abundant. Alpha-diversity indices (ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) did not differ significantly among habitats (Kruskal-Wallis test, P > 0.05), suggesting no detectable habitat-associated differences in overall fecal bacterial diversity in this dataset.