微波辐射辅助岩石破碎研究与应用进展

Research and Application Progress of Rock Fragmentation Assisted by Microwave Radiation

摘要: 微波辅助岩石破碎技术凭借其选择性加热、能耗低、效率高等优势，在深部资源开采、隧道掘进及硬岩破碎等领域展现出重要的工程应用价值。岩石内部矿物介电特性的差异是微波诱导热应力的根本原因，非均匀温度场导致热应力集中于矿物界面，驱动微裂纹沿晶萌生、穿晶扩展并最终形成贯通裂隙网络，从而显著降低岩石强度、提升后续机械破岩效率。数值模拟方面，多场耦合技术也已发展为关键手段。目前，针对岩石的研究较为宽泛，微波损伤机制尚不明确，微观热应力演化与宏观力学性能劣化的定量关联仍有待深入。本文系统梳理微波辅助岩石破碎的研究进展与应用现状，旨在为相关领域的理论深化与工程应用提供系统参考。

Abstract: Microwave-assisted rock breaking technology offers significant engineering application value in deep resource extraction, tunnel excavation, and hard rock fragmentation due to its advantages of selective heating, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. The variation in dielectric properties among constituent minerals is the fundamental cause of microwave-induced thermal stress. The resulting non-uniform temperature field concentrates thermal stress at mineral interfaces, driving microcrack intergranular initiation, transgranular propagation, and the eventual formation of connected fracture networks. This process significantly reduces rock strength and enhances the efficiency of subsequent mechanical breaking. In terms of numerical simulation, multi-field coupling technology has also become a key approach. Current research on rocks remains relatively broad, and the microwave-induced damage mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In particular, the quantitative correlation between micro-scale thermal stress evolution and macro-scale mechanical property deterioration requires further investigation. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and application status of microwave-assisted rock breaking, aiming to provide a systematic reference for theoretical advancement and engineering application in related fields.