油气井管柱安全服役评价技术研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress in Safety Service Evaluation Technology for Oil and Gas Well Tubing Strings

摘要: 油气井管柱作为油气生产与流体注入的核心通道，其服役安全直接决定井筒完整性、生产效率与工程安全性。在高温高压、腐蚀介质、复杂载荷及长期交变工况的叠加作用下，管柱易发生腐蚀、变形、泄漏、断裂等失效形式，严重威胁井筒全生命周期安全。本文重点聚焦多场耦合失效机理与智能化监测评价方法，系统梳理管柱服役安全的核心影响因素，总结失效机理、评价方法、监测技术与防护措施的国内外研究进展，对比现有技术优缺点，指出当前面临的技术瓶颈，并对未来发展方向进行展望。研究表明，管柱安全服役评价已从单一因素分析向多场耦合、全生命周期、智能化方向演进，腐蚀与力学耦合失效、在线监测与剩余寿命预测、智能化预警成为研究热点；现有技术在复杂工况适应性、长效防护、实时预警精度等方面仍存在不足。未来需聚焦多场耦合机理深化、高精度监测装备研发、人工智能与数字孪生融合应用，推动管柱安全服役评价向精准化、智能化、可视化升级，为油气高效开发与CCUS、地热等井筒工程安全提供支撑。

Abstract: As the core channel for oil and gas production and fluid injection, the service safety of oil and gas well tubing strings directly determines wellbore integrity, production efficiency and engineering safety. Under the combined effects of high temperature and high pressure, corrosive media, complex loads and long-term alternating working conditions, tubing strings are prone to failures such as corrosion, deformation, leakage and fracture, which seriously threaten the safety of the wellbore throughout its life cycle. Focusing on the multi-field coupling failure mechanism and intelligent monitoring and evaluation methods, this paper systematically sorts out the core influencing factors of tubing string service safety, summarizes the worldwide research progress of failure mechanisms, evaluation methods, monitoring technologies and protection measures, compares the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies, points out the current technical bottlenecks, and prospects the future development directions. Studies show that tubing string safety service evaluation has evolved from single-factor analysis to multi-field coupling, full life cycle and intelligent orientation. Coupled corrosion-mechanical failure, online monitoring and residual life prediction, and intelligent early warning have become research hotspots. However, existing technologies still have shortcomings in adaptability to complex working conditions, long-term protection and real-time early warning accuracy. In the future, efforts should focus on in-depth research on multi-field coupling mechanisms, development of high-precision monitoring equipment, and integrated application of artificial intelligence and digital twins, so as to promote the upgrading of tubing string safety service evaluation toward precision, intelligence and visualization, and provide support for the efficient development of oil and gas and the safety of wellbore engineering such as CCUS and geothermal energy.