基于TFP的重庆市生命健康产业发展效率评估

Efficiency Evaluation of the Life and Health Industry in Chongqing Based on TFP

摘要: 文章基于柯布–道格拉斯生产函数，构建全要素生产率(TFP)测度模型，首次将TFP框架系统应用于重庆市该产业的实证研究。通过对比OLS回归与经验赋值法验证弹性系数稳健性，并采用多元回归模型测算TFP水平及其影响因素。结果表明：1) 产业整体呈现规模报酬递增特征(α + β = 1.2972)，但效率结构呈“金字塔型”分化，约57.2%的企业处于低效率状态；2) 研发强度对TFP存在显著负向影响，揭示创新投入与产出效率的“悖论”；3) 企业规模与TFP显著正相关，中型及以上企业效率优于小微企业；4) 绿色技术企业虽在统计上未显示出显著效率优势，但其平均TFP低于非绿色企业约13.7%。研究表明，重庆市生命健康产业尚处发展初期，规模经济潜力与整体低效并存。未来应优化研发资源配置、推动企业适度规模化，并审慎引导绿色转型，以提升产业竞争力。通过对重庆市生命健康产业TFP进行系统的测度，揭示了规模报酬递增与效率分化的并存特征，并发现了研发强度与TFP的负向关系，为区域产业政策制定提供了实证依据。

Abstract: Based on the Cobb-Douglas production function, this study constructs a Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement model, systematically applying the TFP framework to an empirical study of Chongqing’s health industry for the first time. The robustness of elasticity coefficients is verified by comparing OLS regression with empirical assignment methods, and multiple regression models are used to measure TFP levels and their influencing factors. The results show that: 1) The industry exhibits increasing returns to scale (α + β = 1.2972), but the efficiency structure presents a “pyramid” pattern, with approximately 57.2% of enterprises in a low-efficiency state; 2) R&D intensity has a significant negative impact on TFP, reflecting multiple mechanisms such as R&D efficiency loss, resource misallocation, and patent commercialization difficulties; 3) Enterprise scale is significantly positively correlated with TFP, with medium and large enterprises outperforming small and micro enterprises; 4) Although green technology enterprises show no statistically significant efficiency advantage, their average TFP is approximately 13.7% lower than that of non-green enterprises. The study indicates that the life and health industry in Chongqing is still in the early development stage, where the potential for economies of scale coexists with overall inefficiency. Future efforts should focus on optimizing R&D resource allocation, promoting appropriate enterprise scale expansion, and prudently guiding green transformation to enhance industrial competitiveness. This paper systematically measures TFP in Chongqing’s life and health industry, revealing the coexistence of increasing returns to scale and efficiency differentiation, and identifies the negative relationship between R&D intensity and TFP, offering empirical evidence for regional industrial policy formulation.