基于ANT的高校毕业生就业选择与政策转译机制分析

Analysis of College Graduates’ Employment Choices and Policy Translation Mechanism Based on ANT

摘要: 为探究高校毕业生就业选择的深层生成机制与就业政策的实践运行逻辑，本文将行动者网络理论(ANT)引入高校毕业生就业研究框架，突破传统人力资本理论与生态系统理论的分析局限。文章通过系统识别就业场域中的人类与非人类行动者，构建多主体、异质性、动态关联的就业选择行动者网络，并依托政策转译“问题化–利益相关化–征召–动员”四阶段模型，剖析就业政策作用于毕业生就业选择的完整实践过程。研究发现，就业政策作为核心非人类行动者，与毕业生、家庭、高校、企业等人类行动者，以及社会文化、经济环境、技术变革等非人类行动者持续互动、博弈与重构，共同构成复杂的就业生态系统；当前就业政策在落地过程中仍存在执行偏差、主体协同不足、转译链条断裂等现实问题。基于此，本文从精准化利益匹配、差异化主体征召、动态化叛逃预警、闭环式转译评估四个维度提出优化路径，为完善高校毕业生就业政策体系、推动毕业生高质量充分就业提供理论参照与实践方案。

Abstract: To explore the in-depth generative mechanism of college graduates’ employment choices and the practical operational logic of employment policies, this paper introduces Actor-Network Theory (ANT) into the research framework of graduate employment, breaking through the analytical limitations of traditional human capital theory and ecosystem theory. By systematically identifying human and non-human actors in the employment field, this study constructs a multi-agent, heterogeneous, and dynamically interconnected actor-network of employment choices. Based on the four-stage model of policy translation—problemization, interessement, enrollment, and mobilization—this paper analyzes the complete practical process through which employment policies influence graduates’ employment decisions. The findings reveal that, as a core non-human actor, employment policies interact, negotiate, and restructure continuously with human actors (including graduates, families, universities, and enterprises) and non-human actors (including social culture, economic environment, and technological change), collectively forming a complex employment ecosystem. However, current employment policies suffer from prominent practical dilemmas such as implementation deviations, insufficient inter-agent collaboration, and broken translation chains. Accordingly, this paper proposes optimization approaches from four dimensions: precision interest matching, differentiated actor enrollment, dynamic defection early warning, and closed-loop translation evaluation. It aims to provide theoretical references and practical solutions for improving the employment policy system for college graduates and promoting their high-quality and full employment.