高校扩招对城乡教育代际流动性的影响差异研究

A Study on the Differential Impact of Higher Education Expansion on Intergenerational Educational Mobility between Urban and Rural Areas

摘要: 根据2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS2020)，对高校扩招以来我国城乡居民的教育代际流动性特征进行分析。高校扩招总体上提高了教育代际流动性，提高了子代接受高等教育的可能性，但不同背景家庭在高校扩招中的获益特征却显示出巨大差异。高校扩招虽然极大改善了农村和低教育水平家庭子女的境况，但城镇家庭子女和父母受教育程度较高家庭中的子女获益更多并仍然处于绝对优势地位，城乡间的差距仍然显著。因此，促进教育事业的均衡发展，真正实现教育公平，需要在政策层面进行积极的调整。

Abstract: Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS2020) data, an analysis was conducted on the educational intergenerational mobility characteristics of urban and rural residents in China since the expansion of university enrollment. The overall expansion of university enrollment has significantly enhanced educational intergenerational mobility and increased the likelihood of children in the next generation receiving higher education. However, the benefits obtained by different background families during the university enrollment expansion show significant differences. Although the expansion of university enrollment has greatly improved the situation of children from rural and low-education level families, the children from urban families and those from families with parents of higher education levels have benefited more and still hold an absolute advantage. The gap between urban and rural areas remains significant. Therefore, promoting the balanced development of education and truly achieving educational equity requires active policy adjustments at the policy level.