数字技术嵌入与城乡要素双向流动：重庆数字乡村建设的实践与优化

Digital Technology Embedding and Two-Way Flow of Urban-Rural Factors: Practice and Optimization of Digital Rural Construction in Chongqing

摘要: 我国发展最大的不平衡是城乡发展不平衡，最大的不充分是农村发展不充分，而数字技术作为打破空间限制、推动要素流动的重要载体，成为联结城市与乡村、破解城乡发展不平衡的关键纽带。重庆作为典型的“超大城市 + 大农村 + 大山区”区域，山地地理特征与乡村劳动力老龄化形成的接入沟与使用沟，加剧了农业生产精准化不足、产销信息不对称、公共服务非均等化等发展问题，成为城乡融合的主要梗阻。文章基于数字鸿沟理论、赋能理论与行动者网络理论，以重庆数字乡村建设为研究样本，分析山地乡村数字建设的现实动因与可行性基础，探索数字技术赋能山地城乡融合的实践逻辑，并提出针对性优化路径，研究发现，数字乡村建设需通过技术适配、主体赋能、协同共治，推动数字技术从城市向乡村深度渗透，实现城乡数字资源的互联互通与要素的双向流动，为山地地区破解城乡发展不平衡问题提供实践参考。

Abstract: “The most significant imbalance in China’s development is the imbalance between urban and rural development, and the most prominent inadequacy is the inadequate development of rural areas.” As a vital carrier that breaks spatial constraints and drives factor mobility, digital technology has become a key link connecting urban and rural areas and addressing the imbalance in urban-rural development. Chongqing, a typical region characterized by a “mega-city + vast rural areas + large mountainous terrain”, faces access gaps and usage gaps stemming from its mountainous geographical features and the aging rural labor force. These gaps have exacerbated development issues such as insufficient precision in agricultural production, asymmetric production-marketing information, and unequal public services, becoming major obstacles to urban-rural integration. Based on the Digital Divide Theory, Empowerment Theory, and Actor-Network Theory, this paper takes Chongqing’s digital rural construction as a research sample. It analyzes the realistic motivations and feasible foundations for digital construction in mountainous rural areas, explores the practical logic of digital technology empowering urban-rural integration in mountainous regions, and proposes targeted optimization paths. The study finds that digital rural construction requires technology adaptation, subject empowerment, and collaborative governance to drive the deep penetration of digital technology from cities to rural areas. This will realize the interconnection of urban-rural digital resources and the two-way flow of factors, providing practical references for mountainous areas to solve the problem of unbalanced urban-rural development.