“人自身的生产”在家庭形式演变中的作用机制转变及其当代价值研究——基于《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》的考察

The Mechanism Transformation and Contemporary Value Research of “Human Production” in the Evolution of Family Forms—Based on the Examination of The Origin of Family, Private Property, and State

摘要: 恩格斯在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中以“两种生产”理论为基础，系统阐述了“人自身的生产”在家庭形式和人类历史发展中的作用机制及其演变。恩格斯认为，在早期人类社会中，人自身的生产通过限制近亲通婚的方式进行自我优化，进而推动了人类家庭形式从血缘家庭向普那路亚家庭的转变，这一转变为氏族的形成奠定了基础。随着生产力的进一步发展，对偶制和专偶制家庭渐次出现；到了这一时期，人自身生产不再是家庭形式及历史发展的根本动力，其作用机制已转变为私有财产父系继承的工具。研究人自身生产这一作用机制的转变，对于重塑人自身生产的时代价值和构建新时代家庭观有着重要意义。

Abstract: Based on the theory of “two kinds of production”, Engels systematically expounded the mechanism and evolution of the role of “human production” in the form of the family and the development of human history in The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State. Engels believed that in early human society, human production optimized itself by restricting intermarriage between close relatives, which in turn promoted the transformation of human family forms from blood-based families to Punaluan families, laying the foundation for the formation of clans. With the further development of productivity, pairing families and monogamous families gradually emerged; in this period, human production was no longer the fundamental driving force for family form and historical development, and its mechanism of action had transformed into a tool for the patrilineal inheritance of private property. It is of great significance to study the transformation of the mechanism of human production for reshaping the contemporary value of human production and building a new-era family outlook.